Glutathione 1-Glycosylase

The great potential of QM/MM calculations has attracted much attention in the past decade and the number of studies published in recent years is now so large that it is not possible to cover them all here. Among recent QM/MM applications at different levels are para-hydroxybenzoate hydrolase [56, 74], citrate synthase [4-6, 52], uracil-DNA glycosylase [88], neuraminidase [89, 90], aldose reductase [91], human thrombin [92], glutathione S-transferases [57], and HIV protease [93]. 

Antioxidants are substances which keep oxygen radicals or reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) under control by means of subtle time- and concentration-specific inactivation. This can be the result of enzymatic or non-enzymatic processes. The most important antioxidants in this respect are catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as DNA repair enzymes (such as DNA glycosylases, endonucleases and DNA ligases) in close cooperation with p 53. 

Antioxidant compounds include the well-known vitamins C and E, ubiquinone, uric acid, and many others. Antioxidant compounds are sacrificed to oxidation in order to directly protect more important cellular components [1-4, 6]. Antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, and quinone reductases, act catalytically to convert oxidants to less reactive species [5,6]. The essential cytoplasmic and nuclear proteolytic enzyme, proteasome recognizes and selectively degrades oxidized proteins [6, 8, 9]. Oxidized membrane lipids are recognized and selectively removed by lipases, particularly phospholipase A2 [6, 8,10]. Oxidatively modified DNA is subject to removal or excision repair by a wide series of DNA repair enzymes including endonucleases, glycosylases, polymerases, and ligases [6,8,11 ]. 

CHO, Chinese hamster ovary CYP, cytochrome P450 Endo III, endonuclease III Fpg, formamido-pyrimidine-DNA-glycosylase GST, glutathione S-transferase ID, International units MOCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney S9, 9000 x g supernatant from rat liver SCE, sister chromatid exchange LIDS, unscheduled DNA synthesis. 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase global genome nucleotide excision repair glutathione... 

---