Glutaraldehyde reaction with protein

Glutaraldehyde is the most popular b/s-aldchydc homobifunctional crosslinker in use today. Flowever, a glance at glutaraldehyde s structure is not indicative of the complexity of its possible reaction mechanisms. Reactions with proteins and other amine-containing molecules would be expected to proceed through the formation of Schiff bases. Subsequent reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride or another suitable reductant would yield stable secondary amine... 

Glutaraldehyde behaviour in aqueous solution, reaction with protein with proteins, and application to enzyme crosslinking. BioTechniques, 37, 790-802. 

The reaction of glutaraldehyde with protein carriers and peptide haptens involves mainly lysine e-amine and N-terminal oc-amine groups. The conjugates formed are usually of high-molecular weight and may cause precipitation products. In addition, the orientation of the... 

Liposomes containing PE residues can be reacted with glutaraldehyde to form an activated surface possessing reactive aldehyde groups. A 2-step glutaraldehyde reaction strategy is probably best when working with liposomes, since precipitated protein would be difficult to remove from a vesicle suspension. 

The spreading-out of a protein on an affinity matrix at a critically low density, below which intermolecular bridge formation does not occur, prior to reaction with a chemical cross-linker e.g., glutaraldehyde) has provided an approach which has yielded valuable information about the tertiary and quaternary structure of concanavalin A. Results were in agreement with evidence available from crystallography and other chemico- and bio-physical techniques. This matrix approach promises to be particularly useful in the structural study of poorly soluble membrane-bound proteins and other proteins which are difficult to crystallize. 

Cheung, D.T. and Nimni, M.E. (1982). Mechanism of crosslinking of proteins by glutaraldehyde I Reaction with model compounds. Connective Tissue Research, 10, 187-199. 

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