Glutamine structural specificity

There may be several mechanisms for these metabolic effects. Unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to directly activate specific enzymes and to induce DNA synthesis and cytokine release from lymphocytes (Karsten et al., 1994). The induction of specific protein synthesis may produce the reduction in glutamine metabolism. The increase in the robustness of the fatty acid-grown hybridomas in agitated cultures could be explained by a high incorporation of the available fatty acids into the cellular phospholipids fraction, which is a major structural component of the outer membrane of the cell (Butler et al., 1999). 

Similar to what has been shown in Table 8.1 for specific growth rate, many mathematical expressions listed in Table 8.3 employ Monod-type structures for limiting phenomena, and Aiba and Shoda-type structures for inhibitory behavior. Limiting components for cell death are lactate and ammonia, that is, the presence of these byproducts increases the specific cell death rate. On the other hand, substrates, such as glucose and glutamine, inhibit cell death (Equations 48 to 52). 

Considering the influence of media components on specific production rate, only one expression makes serum relevant (Equation 69), while glutamine appears as a limiting substrate in three formulas (Equations 69 to 71), always with a Monod-type structure. Glucose shows either an inhibitory effect over production (Equations 71 and 72), or a limiting and inhibitory pattern simultaneously (Equations 70). Instead of the classical... 

---