Glutamate receptors functions

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McFeeters RL, Oswald RE. Emerging structural explanations of ionotropic glutamate receptor function. FASEBJ. 2004 18 428-438. 

Riedel G, Platt B, Micheau J. 2003. Glutamate receptor function in learning and memory. Behav Brain Res 140 1-47. 

Picconi B, Pisani A, Centonze D, Battaglia G, Storto M, Nicoletti F, Bernardi G, Calabresi P (2002) Striatal metabotropic glutamate receptor function following experimental parkinsonism and chronic levodopa treatment. Brain 726 2635-2645. 

McFeeters, R. L., and Oswald, R. E. (2004). Emerging Structural Explanations of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Function. FASEBJ. 18, 428-438. 

Table 1 Glutamate Receptor Functional Subtypes and Gene Subunits...

Fig. 2 Substance P induced NTS plasticity targets in the cough reflex. Plasticity targets include (1) increased intrinsic excitabUity via closure of potassium channels, activation of nonselective cation channels, opening of L-type calcium channel, and intracellular calcium release. (2) increased synaptic excitability via an increased ionotropic glutamate receptor function, a decreased GABAa receptor function. Other compensatory mechanisms may also occur, including an increased GABA release and decreased glutamate release from the afferent terminals. AP area postrema...

R 512 R, L. McFeeters and R. E. Oswald, Emerging Structural Explanations of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Function , FASEB J., 2004,18,428 R 513 B. Meyer and T. Peters, NMR Spectroscopy Techniques for Screening and Identifying Ligand Binding to Protein Receptors , Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003,42, 864... 

Altered synaptic properties Numerous changes in the properties of inhibitory (GABAergic) and excitatory (glutamatergic) synapses have been reported. While the simple adage of an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in epilepsy is not generally applicable, some forms of inhibition are lost or impaired in epilepsy. Likewise, an increased function of glutamate receptors has been demonstrated in some brain areas. 

Monyer H, Jonas P, Rossier J (1999) Molecular determinants controlling functional properties of AMPARs and NMDARs in the mammalian CNS, chapter 9 Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the CNS. Springer Verlag... 

Conn P, Pin J-P (1997) Pharmacology and functions of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 37 205-237... 

Structural and functional evidence clearly demonstrates that family C receptors function as dimers, either as homodimers or as heterodimers. The metabotropic glutamate receptors and the calcium sensors, as discussed in Section 2.6.1, are found as covalently connected dimers in which there is a disulfide bridge between a Cys residue located in a loop in the N-terminal extracellular domain of each monomer. This disulfide bridge apparently serves only to hold the monomers in close proximity, as the loop is so unstructured that it does not resolve in the x-ray structure. 

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