Glucuronides biosynthesis

Metabolite biosynthesis has demonstrated its utility in drug metabolite preparation and characterization, and contributed to drag discovery and development. Although metabolite biosynthesis is a prerequisite step for metabolite structure elucidation in many cases, it is complementary to chemical synthesis in large-scale metabolite preparations. The merits for using these techniques should be determined on a case-by-case fashion. New techniques, such as recombinant enzyme and microbial glucuronidation systems, would have a great impact on the field. 

Dutton, G.J. and tiling, H.P.A. (1972) Mechanism of biosynthesis of thio-p-D-glucuronides and thio-p-D-glucosides. 

Feng S, Li C, Xu X, Wang X, Screening strains for directed biosynthesis of [[)] -D-mono-glucuronide-glycytthizin and kinetics of enzyme production,/Afo/ Catal B EnzymolYi. Si—GJ, 2006. 

D8. Dutton, G. J., The biosynthesis of glucuronides. In Glucuronic Acid. Free and Combined. Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Medicine (G. J. Dutton, ed.), pp. 185-299. Academic Press, New York, 1966. 

Miller DA and DeLucaHF (1986) Biosynthesis ofretinoyl-beta-glucuronide, a biologically active metabolite of all-frans-retinoic acid. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 244, 179-86. 

Bolze, S. Bromet, N. Gay-Eeutry, C. Massiere, E Boulieu, R. Hulot, T. Development of an In Vitro Screening Model for the Biosynthesis of Acyl Glucuronide Metabolites and the Assessment of Their Reactivity Toward Human Serum Albumin, Drug Metab. Dispos. 30,404 13 (2002). 

Rachmel, A. Hazelton, G.A. Yergey, A.L. Llberato, D.J. Furosemide 1-0-acyl Glucuronide. In Vitro Biosynthesis and pH-dependent Isomerization to P -Glucuronidase-resistant Forms, Drug Metab. and Dispos. 13(6), 705-710 (1985). 

C-JC Jackson, JW Hubbard, KK Midha. Biosynthesis and characterization for glu-curonide metabolites of fluphenazine 7-hydroxyfluphenazine glucuronide and fluphenazine glucuronide. Xenobiotica 21 383, 1991. 

Bolze S, Bromet N, Gay-Feutry C, Massiere F, Boulieu R, Hulot T. Development of an in vitro screening model for the biosynthesis of acyl glucuronide metabolites and the assessment of their reactivity toward human serum albumin. Drug Metab Dispos 2002 30 404-413. 

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