Glucose resynthesis

Describe the role of P-fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in the control of the further breakdown and resynthesis of glucose 1-phosphate. 

Studies on the fate of D-glucuronic acid labeled with C14 have been mentioned previously in this review (Section IV, 2b). It is evident from these reports that extensive degradation of the molecule takes place, revealed by the large amount of carbon dioxide recovered. It is also clear that fragments of the acid are available for the resynthesis of D-glucuronic acid, and hence, perhaps, of D-glucose as well. 

Control of acid-base balance. Production of lactate in excess of its clearance causes metabolic acidosis, and resynthesis of glucose from lactate is a major... 

Summary of the pentose phosphate pathway. This diagram is intended to show the two major parts of the pathway oxidation and decarboxylation of glucose-6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate, and resynthesis of the former from the latter. The stoichiometry of the pathway is ignored. 

As fatty acids leave the adipocyte, they form complexes with albumin. The availability of separate pathways for fat deposition and release in these cells permits appropriate regulation under anabolic or catabolic circumstances. The absence of glycerol kinase in the adipocyte decreases the potential for resynthesis of the triacylglycerol and promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis. Triacylglycerols are deposited in the adipocyte when glucose and insulin are readily available. 

In the first step of this pathway, glucose-6-phosphate + NADP+ is converted to 6-phosphogluconate + NADPH + H+ and, in the second step, 6-phosogluconate + NADP+ is converted to ribulose-5-phosphate + NADPH + H+. These reactions are considered to be the oxidative arm of the pentose-phosphate pathway and are critical for producing much of the NADPH used in biosynthetic pathways. The remainder of the cycle (i.e., the nonoxidative portion) consists of converting 5-carbon phosphorylated sugars to 3-, 4-, 5-, and 7-carbon intermediates, finally achieving the resynthesis of hexose-6-phosphate and triose phosphate. Some of... 

ATP is often seen as the universal cell currency. An energy-harvesting machinery couples the conversion of glucose and other foods to, ultimately, carbon dioxide and water to the resynthesis of ATP from ADP. (Biochemists often refer to this process as combustion, in an echo of nineteenth-century ideas of what is involved.) The ATP thus produced is simultaneously reconverted to ADP in a host of metabolic processes that use it to convert metabolites into one another. Although ATP and ADP are themselves metabolites it is often convenient to put them in a separate class, the coenzymes, that instead of... 

Fig. 16.—Breakdown and Resynthesis of D-Glucose Residues Forming the Cellulose Molecule. ...

On the basis of the n.m.r. spectra of the cell-wall D-mannans, and the base composition and sequence similarities of the deoxyribonucleic acids, no distinction could be made between strains of Candida utilis and Hansenula jadinii although differences could be detected between H. jadinii and H. petersonii The catabolic and anabolic transformation of D-glucose by a Candida species into cell wall D-glucan and D-mannan has been reported.Approximately 20-40% of the hexose of these cell wall polysaccharides has been derived from the resynthesis of hexoses via the pentose phosphate pathway. 

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