Glucose radiation chemistry

Phillips, G.O. and Moody, G.J. (1960b). Radiation chemistry of carbohydrates. Part V. The effect of u.v. light on aqueous solutions of D-glucose in oxygen. J. Chem. Soc 156, 3398-3404. 

Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1981) Photolysis at 185 nm of dimethyl ether in aqueous solution Involvement of the hydroxymethyl radical. J Photochem 16 289-295 Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag C (1984) Methylperoxyl radicals a study ofthey-radiolysis of methane in oxygenated aqueous solutions. Z Naturforsch 39b 217—221 Schuchmann MN, von Sonntag C (1977) Radiation chemistry of carbohydrates. Part 14. Hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of D-glucose in oxygenated aqueous solution. J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 2 1958-1963... 

Many medium resolution structures of macromolecular assemblies (e.g., ribosomes), spherical and helical viruses, and larger protein molecules have now been determined by electron cryomicroscopy in ice. Four atomic resolution structures have been obtained by electron cryomicroscopy of thin 2D crystals embedded in glucose, trehalose, or tannic acid (11-14), where specimen cooling reduced the effect of radiation damage. One of these, the structure of bacteriorhodopsin (1 l)provided the first structure of a seven-helix membrane protein. The medium resolution density distributions can often be interpreted in terms of the chemistry of the structure if a high resolution model of one or more of the component pieces has already been obtained by X-ray, electron microscopy, or NMR methods. As a result, the use of electron microscopy is becoming a powerful technique for which, in some cases, no alternative approach is possible. Useful reviews [e.g., Dubochet et al. (9), Amos et al. (15), Walz and Grigorieff (16), and Baker et al. (17)] and a book [Frank (18)] have been written. 

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