Glucose oxidative degradation

The biochemistry of alcoholic fermentation involves a series of internal enzyme-mediated oxidation-reduction reactions m which glucose is degraded via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway See also Carbohydrates and Glycolysis. 

Aldoses can be degraded by the following two reactions. First the aldehyde is oxidized with bromine water to form a carboxylic acid. Next the carboxylic acid is decarboxy-lated with hydrogen peroxide and ferric sulfate leaving an aldehyde. The new aldose is one carbon shorter. When glucose is degraded in this manner, and the product is oxidized by dilute nitric acid, an optically active compound is formed. 

D-Erythroascorbic acid (D-g/vccro-2-pentenono-1,4-lactone, 142), was prepared from D-glucose by degradative oxidation to potassium D-arabinonate, which was acidified and lactonized. The lactone 143 was converted in one step into the 2-keto methyl ester 144, which finally was tautomerized in hot methanolic sodium acetate, affording D-erythroascorbic acid (142) as a crystalline solid.328... 

In the presence of oxygen, intermediate 10 can undergo oxidation and give rise to the formation of the aminoketo compound 11 and subsequently an acid, the so-called Strecker acid [36], The formation of Strecker acid, however, is not possible if dicarbonyls such as 4 are present in form of their stable cyclic hemiacetals, as shown by Hofmann and co-workers [36]. The same group revealed also that Strecker aldehydes can be formed via an oxidative degradation of Amadori compounds, as shown for the Amadori compound of phenylalanine and glucose [37],... 

In a previous work [13], we reported on the preparation of carbon-supported bimetallic Bi-Pd catalysts by the thermal degradation of Bi and Pd acetate-type precursors under nitrogen at 773 K and described their catalytic properties in glucose oxidation. The formation of various BixPdy alloys (BiPd, BiPds, Bi2Pds) or, at least, associations on the surface of these catalysts during the activation step was heavily suspected. Alloy formation in supported bimetallic Pd-based catalysts has been mentioned several times in the literature in die presence of other promoting elements, like Pb or Te [14-16] and is sometimes assumed as responsible for the deactivation of the catalysts. 

In biological systems the hydroxyl group is often involved in a variety of reactions such as oxidation, reduction, hydration, and dehydration. In glycolysis (a metabolic pathway by which glucose is degraded and energy is harvested in the form of ATP), several steps center on the reactivity of the hydroxyl group. The majority of the consumable alcohol in the world (ethanol) is produced by fermentation reactions carried out by yeasts. 

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