Glucose glucoside

Besides 0-glucuronides, a number of other O-glycosides are potential substrates for hydrolysis mediated by glycosidases (EC 3.2.1). These xeno-biotics, and, in a few cases, metabolites thereof, include conjugates of glucose (glucosides), rhamnose (rhamnosides), ribose (ribosides), and many others. 

The approach can be extended by using sequential enzyme steps to ultimately eonvert the analyte to an equivalent amount of chemiluminescent reactant. In this way, sugars other than glucose, glucosides, cholesterol esters, creatinine, and acetylcholine have been determined.-- For example. 

CELLOBIOSE, or cellose, a )S-glucose-glucoside obtained indirectly when the polysaccharide cellulose is acetylated and hydrolysed the yield shows that at least one-third of cellulose is composed of cellobiose units. Cellobiose is hydrolysed by acids, by emulsin, lactase, and the specific enz3nne, cdlobiase, but not by maltase. The end-products are two molecules of glucose. In its properties cellobiose resembles maltose, but is less sweet and less soluble. It is not attacked by maltase, and hence is assumed to be a 8-glucoside. 

Emulsin (0-glycoaidase) almond nuts P-glucosides glucose and a non-carbohydrate 4I-4-5... 

The existence of two forms of glucose and of two isomeric methyl glucosides, as well as other experimental evidence, have led to the adoption of the ring structures (I) and (II) ... 

Cellulose is the main component of the wood cell wall, typically 40—50% by weight of the dry wood. Pure cellulose is a polymer of glucose residues joined by 1,4-P-glucosidic bonds. The degree of polymerization (DP) is variable and may range from 700 to 10,000 DP or more. Wood cellulose is more resistant to dilute acid hydrolysis than hemiceUulose. X-ray diffraction indicates a partial crystalline stmcture for wood cellulose. The crystalline regions are more difficult to hydrolyze than the amorphous regions because removal of the easily hydrolyzed material has Htde effect on the diffraction pattern. 

Cellulose may be degraded by a number of environments. For example, acid-catalysed hydrolytic degradation will eventually lead to glucose by rupture of the l,4-(3-glucosidic linkages. Intermediate products may also be obtained for which the general term hydrocellulose has been given. 

The glucosides are compounds, which, under the influence of hydrolytic agents are decomposed into glucose or an allied aldose or ketose, and one or more other bodies, which, in the cases under consideration, form constituents of essential oils. The hydrolytic agents which bring about these changes are soluble ferments, such as diastases, enzymes and similar... 

Glykosid. n. glycoside, glucoside. (Preferably, glycoside is the general term, glucoside denotes a glucose derivative.)... 

The long fermenting process converts several glucosides into glucose, vanillin, and other complex aromatic flavors. The vanilla beans can be further processed by extracting soluble compounds in ethanol and water mixtures, resulting in vanilla extract. 

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