Glucose from Fischer projection

The following schematic representation of pyranose ring closure in D-glucose shows the reorientation at C-5 necessary to allow ring formation this process corresponds to the change from Fischer to modified Fischer projection. 

Learn to draw glucose, both in the Fischer projection and in the chair conformation (all substituents equatorial). Draw other pyranoses by noticing the differences from glucose and changing the glucose structure as needed. 

Draw the Fischer projections and the chair conformations of the anomers and epimers of glucose from memory. Identify and name these sugars based on how they differ from the structure of glucose. Problems 23-52 and 53... 

D/L descriptor the OH is to the right on the farthest chiral carbon from the CHO group i.e., C5) in the Fischer projection, and in the Haworth projection, hence D-glucose. 

In D-family sugars, the OH on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl group is on the right side in a Fischer projection formula. So both (+)-glucose and (-)-fructose are D-sugars despite their rotation of plane-polarized light in opposite directions. 

Recognize the structures of other anomers and epimers of glucose, drawn as either Fischer projections orchair structures, by noticing the differences from the glucose structure. 

As you study the open chain and cyclic hemiacetal forms of D-glucose, note that, in converting from a Fischer projection to a Haworth structure,... 

You would do well to remember the configuration of groups on the Haworth projection of both a-D-glucopyranose and jS-D-glucopyranose as reference structures. Knowing how the Fischer projection of any other monosaccharide differs from that of D-glucose, you can then construct the Haworth projection of that other monosaccharide by reference to the Haworth projection of D-glucose. 

Solution Notice from Figure 16.1 that D-mannose differs from D-glucose only in the configuration at C-2. In the Fischer projection formula, the C-2 hydroxyl is on the left therefore, it will be up in the Haworth projection. Otherwise, the structure is identical to that of D-glucose. 

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