Glucose for energy

DM is characterized by a complete lack of insulin, a relative lack of insulin, or insulin resistance. These defects result in an inability to properly use glucose for energy. DM affects an estimated 20.8 million persons in the United States, or 7% of the population. While an estimated 14.6 million persons have been diagnosed, another 6.2 million people who have DM are unaware they have the disease. Worldwide, the number of people with DM is expected to rise to 35% by the year 2025.1... 

Cells that do not have mitochondria (such as red blood cells) must use glucose for energy since they have no TCA cycle or oxidative phosphorylation. Without a constant glucose supply, these cells would die. The brain relies heavily on glucose metabolism for energy however, the brain can adapt to use alternative energy sources if glucose is not available. 

Brain, which is usually very reliant on glucose for energy, adapts in a few days of starvation to use ketone bodies as a source of energy. This spares the body some glucose, which is still essential to maintain red cell function. 

Which of the following organs or tissues does NOT need to be supplied with glucose for energy production during a prolonged fast ... 

Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage (this can later be converted back to glucose for energy). 

All cells use glucose for energy however, the production of glucose dur-... 

The brain, red blood cells, and all other cells oxidize glucose for energy. 

Biological respiration is a multistep combustion process that occurs within our cells when we burn organic foodstuffs, such as glucose, for energy ... 

Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose into adipose cells as well as into muscle cells. Adipocytes oxidize glucose for energy, and they also use glucose as the source of the glycerol moiety of the triacylglycerols they store (see Fig. 2.2, circle 10). 

Nature, too, employs multistep reactions to carry out processes essential to life. The glycolysis pathway used by the body to initiate the utilization of glucose for energy production involves a series of ten reactions (Section 13.3). 

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