Globus pallidus loops

Lesions in different anatomical sites of the structures that make up the motor loop can be used to create models of movement disorders (Fig. 1). When the subthalamic nucleus is lesioned, a disruption of the indirect pathway results the decline of glutamatergic stimulation of internal globus pallidus/substantia nigra zona reticulata (SNR) neurons via subthalamico-pallidonigral pathways reveals diminished inhibition of the excitatory thalamocortical pathways. The clinical consequence of this lesion is a proximal ballistic movement of the limbs. 

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