Gliotransmitters release

Mechanisms of Gliotransmitters Release Evidence on CXCR4-Mediated Glutamate Exocytosis from Astrocytes... 

C. Astrocytes Possess Different Exocytotic Organelles and Pathways for Regulated Chemical Transmitters (Gliotransmitters) Release... 

The experiments shown above point out that gliosomes represent a highly purified astrocyte-derived subcellular preparation that possess the machinery to actuate exocytotic gliotransmitter release. We tested this hypothesis by monitoring directly the release of glutamate from gliosomes evoked by stimuli that augment the cytosolic ( 2r concentration [C i , by means of different mechanisms, in in vitro release experiments. 

A schematic rendition of the tripartite synapse, emphasizing the role of astrocytes in the management of excess glutamate and gliotransmitter release is described in Fig. 5.2. 

Activation of CXCR4 Induces Release of Chemical Transmitters (Gliotransmitters) from Glial Cells... 

A. Astrocytes Contain and Release Chemical Transmitters (Gliotransmitters)... 

The molecular mechanisms leading to release of gliotransmitters, especially glutamate, from glia are under debate. Accumulating evidence clearly indicates that astrocytes secrete numerous transmitters by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. This review will discuss the mechanisms underlying the release of chemical transmitters from astrocytes with a particular emphasis to the regulated exocytosis processes. 

Mothet, J. P., Pollegioni, L., Ouanounou, G., Martineau, M., Fossier, P., and Baux, G. (2005). Glutamate receptor activation triggers a calcium-dependent and SNARE protein-dependent release of the gliotransmitter D-serine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 5606-5611. 

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