Glial fibrillary acidic protein detection

Reddy, M.C.S., Hossner, K.L., Belk, K.E., Scanga, J.A., Yemm, R.S., Sofos, J.N., and Smith, G.C. 2006. Detection of central nervous system tissue on meat and carcass-splitting band saw blade surfaces using modified fluorescent glial fibrillary acidic protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay sampling and extraction procedures. J. Food Prot. 69, 1966-1970. 

FIGURE 10.4 Distribution of markers in pituitary adenomas. CHR-A, chromogranin A KER (CAMS.2), keratins detected with monoclonal antibody CAMS.2 SYNAP, synaptophysin NSE, neuron-specific enolase KER (AE1/AE3), keratins detected with antibodies AE1 and AE3 HBME-1 CK7, cytokeratin 7 CK19, cytokeratin 19 CFAP, glial fibrillary acid protein. 

Detection of the latter three markers, alone or in combination, provides for the reliable identification of PNSTs if all myogenous and epithelial determinants are concurrently absent. In particular, neurilemmoma essentially always shows diffuse and intense reactivity for S-100 protein, but neurofibromas are more heterogeneous immunohistologically. Other determinants also have been detected in selected PNSTs including glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, and nerve growth factor receptor. 

Non-neuronal cells identified as astrocytes by co-staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein display strong, predominantly nuclear, but also cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for FGF-2 throughout the brain (Gomez-Pinilla et al., 1992 Woodward et al., 1992). This distributional pattern concurs with the presence of FGF-2 mRNA in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus (Emoto et al., 1989) as well as with the prominent bioactivity that can be detected in isolated cortical astrocytes, but not in isolated cortical neurons (Woodward et al., 1992). 

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