Glial cytoplasmic inclusions

Glial cytoplasmic inclusions are strongly immunoreac-tive for a-synuclein and filaments isolated from the brains of patients with multiple system atrophy are labeled by a-synuclein antibodies [10]. As in dementia with Lewy bodies, assembled a-synuclein is nitrated and phosphory-lated at S129, and the number of a-synuclein-positive structures exceeds that stained by anti-ubiquitin antibodies, confirming that the accumulation of a-synuclein precedes ubiquitination. Filament morphologies and their staining characteristics were found to be similar to those of filaments extracted from the brains of patients with Parkinson s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. 

Pang Z, Geddes JW (1997) Mechanisms of cell death induced by the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid acute excitotoxic necrosis and delayed apoptosis. J Neurosci 17 3064-3073 Papp MI, Kahn JE, Lantos PL (1989) Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the CNS of patients with multiple system atrophy (striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy and Shy-Drager syndrome). J Neurol Sci 94 79-100... 

AD, Alzheimer disease CCIs, glial cytoplasmic inclusions HAR, heat antigen retrieval, microwave in citrate buffer. 

Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are structures where the cytoplasmic surfaces of the myelin sheath have not compacted to form the major dense line and therefore contain Schwann or glial cell cytoplasm (Fig. 4-9). They are common in peripheral myelin but rare in the CNS. These inclusions of cytoplasm are present in each layer of myelin. The clefts can be visualized in the unrolled myelin sheet as tubes of cytoplasm similar to the tubes making up the lateral loops but in the middle regions of the sheet, rather than at the edges (Fig. 4-9). 

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