Glazing interlayers

Laminated Glass. About 1.5 x 108 m2 of safety glazing interlayer was manufactured worldwide in 1994. About 75% of this was used for vehicle windshields and most of the rest was used for laminated architectural glazing (88,89) and a variety of security glass applications (90). Major producers of interlayer for laminated glass are Monsanto (Saflex), the largest producer, followed by DuPont (Butacite), Sekisui (S Lec) and Hbls (Trosofoil). 

High concentrations of plasticizers have been used in plasticization of polyvinylbutyral used in the architectural glazing interlayers. Compatibility, low temperature flexibility and impact strength are important parameters, which must work in combination for material to perform. It was found that a mixture of phthalates (benzyl and alkyl containing a mixture of C3 to Cg alcohols) and alkyl adipates (mixture of C5 to Cg alcohols) is useful in this application. ... 

Solutia is one of the world s largest integrated producers of PA6.6. The integrated PA business accounts for around 5 8 % of Solutia s net sales. Solutia also claims to be the world s largest producer of PVB laminated glazing interlayers, a business which accounts for a further 22% (approximately), of net sales. 

The ASA (now ANSI) performance code for Safety Glazing Materials was revised in 1966 to incorporate these improvements in windshield constmction. The addition of test no. 26 requiring support of a 2.3-kg ball dropped from 3.7 m defined this level of improvement. It was based on a correlation estabUshed between 10-kg, instmmented, head-form impacts on windshields, on 0.6 x 0.9-m flat laminates, and the standard 0.3 x 0.3-m laminate with the 2.3-kg ball (28). Crash cases involving the two windshield interlayer types were matched for car impact speeds and were compared (29). The improved design produced fewer, less extensive, and less severe facial lacerations than those produced in the pre-1966 models. 

Figure 8.11 Rock varnish interlayers with iron film and silica glaze at Whoopup Canyon, Wyoming. (A) Iron film (back-scatter electron image) acts as a case-hardening agent, and rock varnish accretes on top of the iron film exposed by petroglyph manufacturing. (B) Varnish actively assists in case hardening (back-scatter electron image) when the leached cations reprecipitate with silica glaze in sandstone pores.

Under the tradename Copel LR Resin, silicone polycarbonates found applications ranging from oxygen enrichment membranes (including heart-lung machines), aerospace canopies and interlayers for bullet-proof glazing. They are prepared by the phosgenation of bisphenol A and chlorine terminated polydimethylsiloxane oligomer in methylene chloride with pyridine as a base acceptor (Eq. 7). 

Recent publications describe the effects of silica on the conductivity and mechanical properties of a polyethylene oxide/ammonium bifluoride complex containing propylene carbonate [36], as a foam stabilizer in polyester polyurethane foams, and on the properties of polylactic acid nanocomposites prepared by the sol-gel technique [37] (see also Chapter 24), on the mechanical properties and permeability of i-PP composites [38], on the surface hardness of polymers for biomedical devices [39], on enhanced properties of polymer interlayers that are used in multiple layer glazing panels [40]. 

KRAFT, A., ROTTMANN, M., HECKNER, K.H., Large-area electrochromic glazing with ion-conducting PVB interlayer and two complementary electrodeposited electrochromic layers. Solar Energy Mater. Solar Cells, 2006,90,469-76. 

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