Glaucoma adrenaline

Adrenaline (topical) decreases intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma, as does dipivefrine, an adrenaline ester prodrug. They are contraindicated in closed-angle glaucoma because they are mydriatics. Hyperthyroid patients are intolerant of adrenaline. 

Epinephrine (or adrenaline) is a naturally occurring hormone that is also manufactured commercially for use as a heart stimulant, a nasal decongestant, and to treat glaucoma. A valid Lewis structure is... 

Dipivefrin is a prodmg of adrenaline which can be used to lower intraocular pressure in the treatment of glaucoma. Drugs with a balance of lipophilic and hydrophilic properties are best absorbed by the eye. Dipiverftin is more lipophilic than adrenaline and penetrates the eye efficiently, being converted to free adrenaline by esterases in the cornea. 

Improvement of ocular absorption of polar drags can be achieved by the prodrag approach, the major problem being the attainment of an optimal drag concentration at the site of action within the eye due to poor absorption through the cornea. Adrenaline lowers intraocular pressure in glaucoma cases, but is poorly absorbed because it is highly polar. It also has a short duration of action... 

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