Glass-ionomer type dental restoratives

Water Soluble Poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid-co-iV-vinylpyrrolidone) Materials Optimization of Monomer Ratios for Copolymer Application in Glass-Ionomer Type Dental Restoratives... 

It is, perhaps, fair to say that extensive use of polyelectrolytes as biomaterials has been partly hindered by lack of fundamental and systematic information on these macromolecules pertaining to specific applications as biomaterials. In the present work, the phenomena studied are surface adsorption and ionic crosslinking of poly(alkenoic acid) aqueous solution. These two phenomena are directly relevant to the present use of zinc polycarboxylate cements (ZP) and glass ionomers (GI) in restorative dentistry. Both of these types of dental biomaterials are formulated for clinical use as two-component systems. A liquid, which is an aqueous solution of a poly(alkenoic acid), is used in both products. In the case of... 

Basic types of dental restorative material composite resins and glass-ionomer cements... 

As we have seen, in the classification of tooth-coloured dental restorative materials, the composite resins represent one of the major types [1,6], The other major type is the glass-ionomer cement. 

Water soluble, acrylic acid-itaconic acid copolymers have been utilized for some time as a material to formulate a class of dental restoratives commonly called glass-ionomers. The latter type copolymer was modified with N-vinylpyrrolidone, as a route to improve the mechanical properties of this class of dental materials. Design of experiment (DOE) techniques were utilized to determine what ratio of monomers would provide the best set of properties. It was shown that poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone), with monomer ratios of 7 3 1 and 8 2 1, respectively, could be utilized to formulate matrix resins for glass-ionomers, where the new matrix resins had potential for providing improved performance materials, compared to known commercial glass-ionomer systems. 

Abstract Adhesive techniques and materials are being used increasingly in clinical dentistry, and they are reviewed in the present chapter. Broadly speaking, there are two types of tooth-colored restorative material, the so-called composite resins and the glass-ionomer cements. There are, though, variations on these basic types, as explained in the chapter. In addition, there is the zinc polycarboxylate cement, which was the first adhesive dental restorative material to be developed, and it retains a niche in modem clinical practice. 

The clinical technique known as Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) has been developed since the mid-1980s in response to dental clinical needs in Third World countries. It is an important application of adhesive dental materials, specifically conventional glass-ionomer cements, and would not be possible without this type of adhesive material (Frencken et al. 2004). ART involves the removal of carious tooth tissue with hand instruments rather than conventional dental drills. These hand-held instruments are formed as spoon-shaped excavators, and come in graded sizes. 

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