Girdling effect

The introduction of the phenoxy compounds - 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T - in the mid 40 s, provided much more effective arboricldes than had heretofore been available (2,6,8). Control of many brushy species for site preparation in reforestation was now available. Perhaps one of the early applications of this was made by Fred Furst in the Siuslaw National Forest where approximately 10,000 acres of conifer, overstoried by alder, were released by treatment with 2,4-D. Other chemicals used in this era included trichloroacetic acid (TCA), used in girdling treatment of trees, and for control of grass prior to reforestation. Aminotriazole, also introduced during this period, found some use for control of Rhus species and grass in forest nurseries. 

Fig. 10. Effect of alternate rest and physical activity in advanced severe limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. A, first appearance as outpatient B, admission after 7 weeks of general exercise C, after 17 days of systematic hospital exercises. Periods R and S, successive intervals of 6 and 7 days of bed rest. J, discharged ambulant from hospital.

L Nilsson-Wikmar, K Holm, R Oijerstedt and K Harms-Ringdahl, Effect of three different physical thersf>y treatments on pain and activity in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain a randomized clinical trial with 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up postpartum . Spine, 2005 30 850-856. 

Table 2. Effects of girdling of lateral bearing branches at different stages of fruit growth on fruit weight, total soluble solids and phenolic contents at harvest, and PAL activity of Shimizu-hakuto peach fruit (Kubota et al. 1993)...

ICrapp A. and Stitt M. 1995. An evaluation of direct and indirect mechanisms for the sink regulation of photosynthesis in spinach change in gas exchange, carbohydrates, metabohtes, enzyme activities and steady-state transcript levels after cold-girdling source leaves. Planta 195 313-323. Krause K.P. and Stitt M. 1992. Sucrose-6-phosphate levels in spinach leaves and their effects on sucrose-phosphate synthase. Phytochemistry 31 1143-1146. 

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