Gibbs free energy of solution

In thermodynamic terms, solutes can be divided into two classes. For hydrophobic solutes in dilute solution in water, the partial Gibbs free energy of solution is positive. This is because water molecules that surround a less polar molecule in solution are more restricted in... 

All the solubilities so far mentioned have been presented in weight or concentration units. These may be converted via standard thermodynamic formulas into Gibbs free energies of solution. One group of authors, however, has preferred to present their data in this form, for YC13, LaClj, and six other lanthanide trichlorides (184). 

The standard molar Gibbs free energy of solution is ... 

The Gibbs free energy of solution is the difference between the Gibbs free energy of solvation of the solute in the solvent and any Gibbs free energy of interaction in the pure solute that are lost on dissolution, if it is a solid, a liquid, or a nondilute gas. 

Since ideal conditions simplify calculations, an ideal gas at 1 atm pressure in the gas phase which is infinitely dilute in solution will be utilized. Then the total standard partial molar Gibbs free energy of solution (chemical potential), AG, can be directly related to KD, the distribution constant, by the expression... 

The standard partial molar Gibbs free energy of solution is related to the enthalpy and entropy functions at the column temperature T by the expression... 

Equation 3 defines the excess chemical potential for one solute if more than one solute exists in the solution, a weighted sum of the excess chemical potentials of the solutes may be called the mean partial molal Gibbs free energy of solutes, y ... 

To perform calculations of phase equilibrium we must obtain expressions for the fugacity of component in solution. The key excess property here is the Gibbs free energy of solution. We begin by defining a new dimensionless property, the activity coefficient (yi) of component i in solution ... 

The molar excess Gibbs free energy of solution is obtained by summing up the partial molar contributions of all components ... 

The Gibbs free energy of solution, AG, can be expressed by the sum of the Gibbs free energy for the cavity formation, G,., and the interaction free energy between solute and solvent molecules, Gji... 

The interaction Gibbs free energy of solute species, which... 

The interaction Gibbs free energy of solute species, Ginters which represents the interactions between the micelles, the monomeric asphaltenes and resins, and the asphalt-free oil species in the liquid solution Ly, can be estimated using the mean-field approximation. 

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