Germanium nuclides

But both this nuclide and the 40 hour As can arise from the irradiation of the germanium itself ... 

Germanium-78 atoms undergo two beta emissions before they reach a stable nuclide. What is the final product ... 

Table III gives the conditions, data and reactions for the long irradiations of iridium, osmium and ruthenium. Samples and standards were irradiated in the University of London Reactor under a maximum thermal neutron flux of 1.4 x 10 n cm" s". The samples were counted using a lithium drifted germanium detector (Ortec Inc) linked to a computer based gamma ray spectrometer (Nuclear Data Inc. 6620 Multichannel Analyser). A general Neutron Activation Package written in FORTRAN IV was employed to run a peak search and calculate PGM concentrations in the plant samples. The irradiation of platinum is a special case and details are given in Table IV. Various nuclides emit y-rays of similar energy, and in INAA these become a serious interference in the determination of platinum in biological samples.

American National Standards Institute (1999). Calibration and use of germanium spectrometers for the measurement of gamma-ray emission rates of radio-nuclides, ANSI N42. 14-1999, American National Standards Institute, New York, NY, USA (also available at http //webstore.ansi.org)... 

In a defective rod, the fission gases expand and escape through the leak into the surrounding water. The resulting increase in fission product activity can be measured in water samples taken from the assembly. These samples are analysed using a germanium detector. The nuclides and Xe are used to identify... 

The spin properties of the magnetic nuclides of silicon, germanium, tin, and lead are described. Each has a useful spin 1/2 nuclide, except for germanium. Experimental methods are discussed, including those of importance because of the long relaxation times frequently encountered (especially for Si). Data on relaxation times, chemical shifts, and coupling constants are briefly reviewed. 

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