Germanium—nitrogen bonds reactions with

The compounds with a reactive germanium-nitrogen bond readily undergo transamination and substitution reactions with compounds having proton-active hydrogen atoms. In particular the transamination reaction offers a route to many other germanium derivatives. It may be expected, therefore, that the digermazanes will prove to be very suitable intermediates for the preparation of many new compounds. 

Dehydrohalogenation reactions appeared to be a convenient route to double bond germanium nitrogen species and were commonly carried out with an organolithium compound as a base.3,4 5b 6 7 96,97 123 Accordingly, the synthesis of two moderately hindered stable germanimines Mes2Ge = NR 136 and 137 has been reported.59 Stabilization in these cases is achieved... 

Comparison of theoretical data with experimental spectra led also to the identification of compounds which have germanium-nitrogen double and triple bonds. Foucat et al. report about the results of flash vacuum thermolysis of substituted germacyclopentenes and DFT (B3LYP) calculations of model compounds of possible reaction products114. The authors took the experimental photoelectron (PE) spectra and compared them with... 

The participation of the germanium dimers in nucleophilic/electrophilic or Lewis acid/base reactions has been the subject of several investigations on the Ge(100)-2x1 surface [16,49,255,288,294,313-318]. As for the case of silicon, adsorption of amines has provided an excellent system for probing such reactions. Amines contain nitrogen lone pair electrons that can interact with the electrophilic down atom of a tilted Ge dimer to form a dative bond via a Lewis acid/base interaction (illustrated for trimethylamine at the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface in Ligure 5.17). In the dative bond, the lone pair electrons on nitrogen donate charge to the Ge down atom [49]. 

The chemical reactions of nitrogen and phosphorus are similar because they share the same number of electrons in their outer shell (five). The reactivity of oxygen resembles the reactivity of sulfur because of their shared outer-shell occupancy (six). This outer-shell occupancy of an atom is called its valence. Carbon has a valence of four (with four electrons in its outer shell), and its chemistry shares some similarities with silicon, which also has a valence of four. Silicon, germanium, tin, and lead, which have the same valence, have all been used in various proportions to form semiconductors, interesting and important materials that we will investigate later when we discuss chemical bonding. 

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