Germanium heterocycles, reviews

The chemistry of germanium(II) amidinates has been summarized in a review article by Kiihl under the title "N-Heterocyclic germylenes and related... 

The synthesis and chemistry of compounds where germanium is linked to a group 16 element has undergone a number of developments since the field was last surveyed,1 and a review on the subject has been published.162 New developments include the formation of new heterocyclic compounds and formation of multiple bonds to the heavier group 16 elements. A review has also appeared on this subject.163... 

Very few examples of these species have appeared since the field was last reviewed.1 One species of interest is the seven-membered heterocycle 100, which was obtained from the dilithiated species 97 via the formation of a Ge=B doubly bonded intermediate (Scheme 30).206 A rare example of a germanium/gallium cluster complex has also been prepared (Equation (162)).207... 

Space precludes an extensive survey of silicon, germanium, tin and lead substituted derivatives of cyclopentadiene (the siloles and analogues). Until 1979, few plumboles were known (79RTC437), but now, with the siloles, germoles and stannoles, they represent one of the most extensively studied areas of Group IV substituted heterocyclic chemistry. The references prefacing Section 1.20.9 cover reviews for this section. 

Review articles on carbodiimides were published by Khorana in 1953, by Kurzer and Douraghi-Zadeh in 1967, byMikolajczykandKielbasinski in 1981 and by Williams and Ibrahim in 1981. Carbodiimides containing silicon, germanium, tin and lead substituents were reviewed by Gordetsov and coworkers in 1982, N-functionalized carbodiimides by Vovk and Samarai in 1992 and polycarbodiimides by Pankratov in 1993. A review on the synthesis of heterocycles by the aza-Wittig reaction appeared in 1991. ... 

Organogermanium reviews cover reactive intermediates, structural features, and germanium rich heterocycles and polygermanes. ... 

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