German brown coal lignite

Table 3.5 shows typical samples according to the ASTM classification mosdy displaying American coals. A typical Indian high-ash mediiun volatile bituminous coal as well as a German brown coal (lignite B) are added for comparison. Again the dilemma of coal classification becomes evident, as none of the analyzed parameters changes steadily with rank alteration. 

Monta.n Wax. An important product of the direct extractive treatment of lignitic coals is montan wax [8002-53-7]. The term montan wax or Bergwachs refers strictiy to the material obtained by solvent extraction of suitable German brown coals. The generic term for similar materials is montana wax. The small quantities made outside Germany are usually referred to as montan, prefixed by the country of origin (see Waxes). 

The volatile matter increases from less than 8% in antracite to more than 27 wt% in lignite. In addition, the content of water may vary from less than 5 wt% in antracite to about 60% in German brown coal. Nitrogen (0.5-2%) will be converted into ammonia. The sulphur content may typically vary from 0.5-5 wt%. Sulphur will be converted to COS and H2S. Sulphur will poison downstream synthesis catalysts and must be removed. Chlorine is normally below 1 wt%. Chlorine may cause corrosion problems in downstream equipment. Chlorine will react with ammonia from the nitrogen and deposition of ammonia chloride may foul waste heat boilers and limit their operating temperature [230]. 

Table 8.1. Output of brown coal and the number of active surface mines in the two lignite mining districts of the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany) between 1963 and 1993 (after Mobs and Maul 1994)...

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