GEOSECS data

Livingston, H.D., Bowen, VT., Caso, S.A., Volchok, H.L., Noshkin, VE., Wong, K.M. and Beasley, T.M. (1983) Fallout Nuclides in Atlantic and Pacific Water Columns. GEOSECS Data, Technical Report WHOI-85-19, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA. 

Figure 4.4 Excess 3He profiles at various locations in the Pacific Ocean. NOVA (Kermadec trench) data from Clarke et al. (1969), GEOSECS data from Clarke et al. (1970), SCAN data from Craig et al. (1975). SCAN station 38 (6°30 S, 107°24 W) is at the crest of the East Pacific Rise nearby stations 35 and 41 are on opposite flanks. Reproduced from Craig et al. (1975).

Figure 4.4. Potential Pc02 n Pacific Ocean waters as a function of depth at different latitudes (After Broecker and Peng, 1982, based on GEOSECS data.)...

Figure 4.9. Potential Pc02 values for northern, equatorial and southern Atlantic and Pacific oceans (= NA, EA, SA, NP, EP, SP). (Based on GEOSECS data.)...

Figure 4.12. Saturation depths with respect to calcite in different areas of the ocean calculated from corrected GEOSECS data (see text).

One of the most controversial areas of carbonate geochemistry has been the relation between calcium carbonate accumulation in deep sea sediments and the saturation state of the overlying water. The CCD, FL, R0, and ACD have been carefully mapped in many areas. However, with the exception of complete dissolution at the CCD and ACD, the extent of dissolution that has occurred in most sediments is difficult to determine. Consequently, it is generally not possible to make reasonably precise plots of percent dissolution versus depth. In addition, the analytical chemistry of the carbonate system (e.g., GEOSECS data) and constants used to calculate the saturation states of seawater have been a source of almost constant contention (see earlier discussions). Even our own calculations have resulted in differences for the saturation depth in the Atlantic of close to 1 km (e.g., Morse and Berner, 1979 this book). 

Geochemical Oceans Study (GEOSECS) data set. (1996). Available at http //ingrid.idgo.Columbia. edu/SoURCES/.GEOSECS. 

Figure 15.7. Stoichiometric correlations among nitrate, phosphate, oxygen, sulfide, and carbon. The correlations can be explained by the stoichiometry of reactions such as equation 3 concentrations are in micromolar, (a) Correlation between nitrate nitrogen and phosphate phosphoms corrected for salt error in waters of the western Atlantic, (b) Correlation between nitrate nitrogen and apparent oxygen utilization in same samples. The points falling off the line are for data from samples above 1000 m (Redfield, 1934, p. 177). (c) Correlation between nitrate nitrogen and carbonate carbon in waters of the western Atlantic, (d) Relation of sulfide sulfur and total carbonate carbon in waters of the Black Sea. Numbers indicate depth of samples. Slope of line corresponds to AS /AC = 0.36. (From data of Skopintsev et al., 1958, as quoted in Redfield et al., 1966.) (e) Correlation of the concentration of nitrogen to phosphate in the Atlantic Ocean (GEOSECS data). The slope through all the data yields an N/P ratio close to 16.

All the GEOSECS data on the correlation of the concentration of nitrogen to phosphate in the Atlantic Ocean are given in Figure 15.7e. 

Fig. 9.6 ACOj (giving the difference between the saturation concentration of CO and the ambient concentration of COj at a specific depth) based on GEOSECS-data (Takahashi et at, 1980) of two locations in the Atlantic and the Pacific ocean. The intersection of the data points with the 0 pM line denotes the position of the lysocline (from Archer, 1996).

Figure 4 Average vertical profiles for the major ocean basins. Except for the Southern Ocean the dotted line is for the Southern Hemisphere and the solid line for the Northern Hemisphere. The Pacific and Southern Ocean profiles were compiled from WOCE data the Atlantic profiles from TTO and SAVE data and the Indian Ocean profiles from GEOSECS data. In approximately the upper 1000 m = 1000 dB) of each profile, the natural A C is contaminated with bomb-produced radiocarbon.

When the GEOSECS data became available, box models were again used to estimate residence times... 

Figure 1 shows the results for the world oceans from Craig and Gordon (1965). During the GEOSECS program the oxygen isotope ratios of seawater samples were also determined. The features resemble those in Figure 1. The GEOSECS data are available in the shore-based measurements volume of the GEOSECS Atlas (1987) published by the US National Science Eoundation.

Fig. 10-1. Typical vertical distributions of silicate, phosphate, and nitrate in the North Atlantic (A), Indian Ocean (I) and the Central Pacific Ocean (P) based cm GEOSECS data 1977A78.

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