Geobotanical

Ramenskii, L.G. (1938). Introduction to the Geobotanical Study of Complex Vegetations. Moscow Selkhozgiz. 

Most hyperaccumulators are themselves endemic to the type of soil in which they are found. A classical case of this is the Alyssum genus that is widespread in Southern Europe and Asia Minor. Section Odontarrhena of the genus contains about 50 taxa that are endemic to ultramafic (serpentine) soils (Brooks, 1887 Brooks et al., 1979). Due to their endemism they invariably indicate the presence of serpentine soils and thereby act as geobotanical indicators of potential mineralisation in the substrate. Another example is the presence of the Zn hyperaccumulators Viola calaminaria and Thlaspi calaminare confined to Zn deposits in Western Germany and Eastern Belgium. 

Examples of plants and locations used for the geobotanical and biogeochemical prospecting for metals are given by Brooks (1972,1983, 1993), Cole and Smith (1984), Cole (1980), Ernst (1974, 1993) and Kovalevsky (1979, 1987). 

This book is the first to summarize the biomonitoring of heavy metals in terrestrial ecosystems using plants. Based on a sizeable collection of case studies drawn from diverse geobotanical areas throughout the world, the book covers chemical and analytical aspects, processes of bioaccumulation as well as geobotanical and biogeochemical prospecting. 

Wild, H. (1968). Geobotanical anomalies in Rhodesia. 1. The vegetation of copper-bearing rocks. Kirkia, 1, 1-72. 

Reid, N., Iwashita, A., Yamashita, Y. and Thompson, K., 1988. High resolution imaging of geobotanical anomalies associated with subsurface hydrocarbons. Proc. Sixth Thematic Conference on Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology, Houston, Vol. I, pp. 213-223. 

The selenium indicators grew on 81% of the ground mineralized at a depth of less than 10 m and in 42% of that mineralized at a depth of 10—52 m. Here geobotanical work in this area alone led to the discovery of five uranium ore bodies. Cannon (1957) listed in all 9 indicators known to be effective in locating uranium, 25 species known to favour mineralized ground and a further 16 indicators tolerant of mineralization. Most, if not all, these indicators appear to point to concentrations of selenium which, in Utah and some other sandstone environments, is almost universally associated with uranium. 

Geobotanical prospecting mineral exploration based on the appearance and distribution of plant species. 

Adrian Leuchtmann, Ph.D. Geobotanical Institute, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland... 

Gutman, G. (1984). Numerical experiments on land surface alterations with a zonal model allowing for interaction between the geobotanic state and climate. /. Atmos. Sci. 41, 2679-2685. 

Landolt, E., 1977. Oekologische Zeigerwerte zur Schweizer Flora (with an English summary). Veroff. Geobotan. Inst. ETH, Stiftung Riibel, 64, p. 208. 

Priyadarshi, N. (2010). Geobotanical methods for prospecting uranium deposits, http // nitishpriy adarshi. blogspot.in/2010/09/geobotanical-methods-for-prospecting. html (accessed July 27, 2014). 

Ruprecht, F., 1866. Geobotanical investigation on a chernozem. Acad. Sci. Russia. 

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