Genetically altered organism

The newer applications involve the field of biotechnology. Proteins produced by genetically altered organisms such as bacteria must be examined to verify that they are identical to the same proteins produced by humans. Also, analysis of DNA from crime scenes is relatively recent. Indeed, DNA analysis and fingerprinting are powerful tools in modern forensics. 

Genetically altered organisms are used in industry to manufacture a desired product, for example, a pharmaceutical. The alteration is accomplished by introducing DNA into the cell, frequently in the form of a plasmid. Plasmids contain bits of DNA which exist separately from the chromosome and replicate independently the plasmid codes for the added... 

Back in 1983, for example, the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight concluded that one of the major risks associated with the release of genetically altered organisms was not necessarily the releases themselves, but our inability and failure to make risk assessments. Four years later, we still haven t developed adequate standards for risk assessment... 

What is the purpose of genetic engineering Once the DNA is successfully cloned, it can be expressed using an expression vector and cell line. This allows for the production of eukaryotic proteins quickly and cheaply in bacterial hosts. Genetically altered organisms, such as mice and corn, have been engineered for both pure and applied scientific purposes, and many more changes are to come. 

Plutonium and other transuranic elements, PVC, Teflon, lasers, and genetically altered organisms are familiar techno-scientific objects to twentieth-century people. But the laboratory sciences were materially productive long before the twentieth century, and this material productivity had consequences for classificatoiy practices. In the laboratory sciences, changes in modes of classification may be conditioned by both alterations of epistemic regimes and the material culture of a science. Chemistry has certainly been the most productive laboratory science in history. From the second half of the eighteenth century onward, the production and individuation of new chem-... 

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