Genetic operator chromosome representation

MOGP is based on the more traditional optimisation method genetic programming (GP), which is a type of GA [53,54]. The main difference between GP and a GA is in the chromosome representation in a GA an individual is usually represented by a fixed-length linear string, whereas in GP individuals are represented by treelike structures hence, they can vary in shape and size as the population undergoes evolution. The internal nodes of the tree, typically represent mathematical operators, and the terminal nodes, typically represent variables and constant values thus, the chromosome can represent a mathematical expression as shown in Fig. 4. 

In the context of the GA, diploidy offers another method to maintain genetic diversity. The crossover operator is replaced by the fertilization operator which takes two diploid chromosomes and trades gametes, or half chromosomes (see Figure 7). A simple binary representation of the diploid chromosome uses a three-letter alphabet where a —1 implies a dominant 1, a 1 implies a recessive 1, and a 0 implies a 0. The dominance matrix is... 

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