Genetic code defined

The vector of properties is a kind of chromosome, a code that defines the genotype of the individual. This sequence of values specifies the "genetic makeup" that (possibly uniquely) defines the animal. In Daisy s case, not all of the animal s characteristics are defined by her biological genetic code we have included in the vector other characteristics that would help to pick her out from the kine (cattle) crowd. In a similar way, a single GA solution can be constructed as a "chromosome" or genome in vector form, which contains all the information needed to define the potential solution to a scientific problem. 

The information contained in the DNA (i.e., the order of the nucleotides) is first transcribed into RNA. The messenger RNA thus formed interacts with the amino-acid-charged tRNA molecules at specific cell organelles, the ribosomes. The loading of the tRNA with the necessary amino acids is carried out with the help of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (see Sect. 5.3.2). Each separate amino acid has its own tRNA species, i.e., there must be at least 20 different tRNA molecules in the cells. The tRNAs contain a nucleotide triplet (the anticodon), which interacts with the codon of the mRNA in a Watson-Crick manner. It is clear from the genetic code that the different amino acids have different numbers of codons thus, serine, leucine and arginine each have 6 codewords, while methionine and tryptophan are defined by only one single nucleotide triplet. 

These compounds, essential to life, have the general formula (1) the more important of them are listed in Table 1. The trivial rather than systematic names are given since these are still in general use and the codes derived from these, as given in Table 1, are used to defined peptide sequences and genetic codes. 

Rhodopsin is an interesting and complex molecule. It was defined conceptually in the 1930 s. It has been defined technically since the mid 1950 s. In recent times, it has been elucidated in detail via the genetic code. Except for detailing the two sugars shown in the box on the right, Crouch Ma 16 have provided a detailed description of the... 

This flow of information is dependent on the genetic code, which defines the relation between the sequence of bases in DNA (or its mRNA transcript) and the sequence of amino acids in a protein. The code is nearly the same in all organisms a sequence of three bases, called a codon, specifies an amino acid. Codons in mRNA are read sequentially by tRNA molecules, which serve as adaptors in protein synthesis. Protein synthesis takes place on ribosomes, which are complex assemblies of rRNAs and more than 50 kinds of proteins. 

---