General Rules for Reducing Eliminating Flocculation

This section summarises the criteria required to reduce (eliminate) flocculation. [Pg.153]

1 Charge Stabilised Emulsions, e.g. Using Ionic Surfactants [Pg.153]

The most important criterion is to make G ax as high as possible this is achieved by three main conditions High surface or zeta potential low electrolyte concentration and low valency of ions. [Pg.153]

Examples of B chains for 0/W emulsions are polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(propylene oxide) and alkyl poly(propylene oxide). For the A chain(s), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(vinyl alcohol) are good examples. Eor W/O emulsions, PEO can form the B chain, whereas the A chain(s) could be poly(hydroxy stearic acid) (PHS), which is strongly solvated by most oils. [Pg.154]

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