General Reversible Reactions

Integrating the rate equation is often diffieult for orders greater than 1 or 2. Therefore, the differential method of analysis is used to seareh the form of the rate equation. If a eomplex equation of the type below fits the data, the rate equation is  

Plotting l/(-rA) versus l/C would give a straight line with the slope equal to 1/kj and an intercept of kj/kj. Another analysis method involves multiplying each side of Equation 3-178 hy kj/kj and solving for (-i a) to give 

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To answer those questions, let s consider a general reversible reaction ... 

We emphasized in Section 13.1 that the equilibrium state is a dynamic one in which reactant and product concentrations remain constant, not because the reaction stops, but because the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. To explore this idea further, let s consider the general, reversible reaction... 

As has been previously discussed, the reactions of hydrolysis and esterification constitute a typical reversible reaction. We have, then, the two following examples of this general reversible reaction ... 

In purely aqueous solution, the half-wave potential E1/2 for the general reversible reaction shown in Scheme 5 is given by Eq. (83) (at T == 298 K). 

For a general reversible reaction, the reaction rate or the rate of disappearance of a reference reactant is expressed as... 

Since the derivation of the pair equation exactly parallels that for the singlet kinetic equation, the details are sketched in Appendix D and not given here. It is quite easy to derive a kinetic equation for the general reversible reaction case the calculations need only be carried out in matrix form. To avoid this more complex notation and to present the results in simple form, however, we again give only the results for the irreversible decay of the AB pair field. 

We are interested in determining the characteristic time to establish this equilibrium. To do this, we wish to derive an expression for the characteristic time to reach equilibrium of the general reversible reaction... 

Equation (8I) is linearised as in the previous general reversible reaction case, so that... 

For the adsorption of cadmium ions by the solid extractant SOL-AD-IV synthesized by the technique described in Section 12.2.3, the reaction can be assumed to be a cationic exchange with the thiol proton. The general reversible reaction can be... 

According to lUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), an intercalation reaction is a generally-reversible reaction which involves the introduction of a species into a host structure without major alteration of that structure, be it in terms of dimensions or of chemistry. This term applies more specifically in the case of insertion of a species into a one, two- or three-dimensional structure. The inserted species is not randomly distributed but rather occupies chosen positions within the host stmcture. These ID, 2D or 3D networks are represented diagrammatieally in Figure 4.1. The spaces available in these stmctures are the preferred positions to receive the lithium. 

With somewhat more involved calculus than in previous cases, one can obtain the integrated rate expression from Equation 6.37. In general, reversible reactions can be analyzed as a reaction sequence, taking the reverse reaction to be another step. 

A general reversible reaction involving two reactants (A, B) and two products (P, Q) with forward rate constant kf and reverse rate constant can be written as Scheme 1.1 ... 

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