Definitions and General Background

Rejection Rejection is defined in Background and Definitions. The highest-rejection membranes are those designed for single-pass production of potable water from the sea. The generally accepted criterion is 99.4 percent rejection of NaCl. Some membranes, notably cellulose triacetate fibers are rated even higher. A whole range of membranes is available as rejection requirements ease, and membranes with excellent chlorine resistance and hydrolytic stability can be made with salt rejection over 90 percent. 

Economics The general examples section found under Background and Definitions is directly applicable to the following. 

For a general background and basic definitions the reader is referred to the mentioned monographs [5, 6, 19] in addition to some others [27-29],... 

II. General Notation, Basic Definitions, and Theoretical Background... 

The general background for the symposium and the scope of the coverage is presented in the first paper. It is, however, probably desirable to present certain definitions at this point to further set the stage for the papers which follow ... 

This book will not be encyclopedic in nature and will not approach the status of a tome but rather will provide a gentle introduction to a fascinating group of compounds. Prior to a discussion of specific phospholipids, it seems worthwhile to provide some general background, definitions, and approaches used in obtaining these lipids from a cell. First, it is appropriate to consider some general facts about lipids per se. 

We describe in Chap. 2 the basic concepts, notation, and theory of nature-inspired optimization in general, and then of chemical optimization, in particular. This chapter overviews the background, main definitions, and basic concepts, useful for the development of this investigation work. 

In the first few chapters we shall discuss some simple, but important, particle systems. This will allow us to introduce many basic concepts and definitions in a fairly physical way. Thus, some background will be prepared for the more formal general development of Chapter 6. In this first chapter, we review briefly some of the concepts of classical physics as well as some early indications that classical physics is not sufficient to explain all phenomena. (Those readers who are already familiar with the physics of classical waves and with early atomic physics may prefer to jump ahead to Section 1-7.)... 

---