Gene transfer-mediated vaccination

Mahvi, D.M., Burkholder, J.K., Turner, J., Culp, J., Malter, J.S., Sondel, P.M. and Yang, N.S. (1996) Particle-mediated gene transfer of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor cDNA to tumor cells—implications for a clinically relevant tumor vaccine. Hum. Gene Ther., 7, 1535-1543. 

Oshikawa, K., Rakhmilevich, A.L., Shi, F., Sondel, P.M., Yang, N.-S. and Mahvi, D.M. (2001) Particle-mediated IL-12 gene transfer into the skin distant from tumor site elicits anti-metastatic effect equivalent to local gene transfer. Hum. Gene Then, 12,149-160. Pardoll, D.M. (1998) Cancer vaccines. Nat. Med., 4, 525-531. 

Wang, J., et al. 2001. Gene gun-mediated oral mucosal transfer of interleukin 12 cDNA coupled with an irradiated melanoma vaccine in a hamster model Successful treatment of oral melanoma and distant skin lesion. Cancer Gene Ther 8 705. 

The efficiency of particle-mediated gene transfer varies with tissue type, but in general it is most efficient in the liver, pancreas, and epidermis of the skin, and least efficient in muscle, vascular, and cardiac tissues [145-147]. Because of the low level of penetration, particle-mediated gene transfer is being used to introduce antigens or cytokines primarily for vaccination and immunotherapy [148-150]. 

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