Gene expression molecule chemical composition

Spectroscopy is the study of the interactions of electromagnetic radiation, or light, with matter in order to gain information about the atoms or bonds present within the system. There are many different types of spectroscopic techniques however, most of the techniques are based on the absorption or emission of photons from the material being studied. The applications of spectroscopy span a variety of disciplines and can allow scientists to, among countless other things, determine the elemental composition of a nearby dwarf star, the chemical identity of an unknown white powder sample, whether a transfected gene has been expressed, or the types of individual bonds within a molecule. 

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