Gelled oxidizers

Allan, B. D., A Gelled Oxidizer for Tactical Missiles, CPIA Publication 370, Vol. V, pp. 11-20, JANNAF Propulsion Meeting, 1983, Feb. 

Gelled Oxidizers, Development work on gelled oxidizers was started during the 1960s, but virtually no effort was expended on them... 

A related class of gels are those formed by extensive hydrogen bonding. An example is the polyethylene oxide)-poly(methacrylic acid) complex [18]. Spontaneously gelling natural polymer solutions are frequently of this type, including gelatin and native starch. 

Vardi A, Formiggini F, Casotti R, De Martino A, Ribalet F, Miralto A, Bowler C (2006) A stress surveillance system based on calcium and nitric oxide in marine diatoms. PLoS Biol 4 411 119 Vorwerk S, Somerville S, Somerville C (2004) The role of plant cell wall polysaccharide composition in disease resistance. Trends Plant Sci 9 203-209 Vreeland V, Laetsch WM (1990) A gelling carbohydrate in algal cell wall formation. In Adair WS, Mecham RP (eds) Organization and assembly of plant and animal extracellular matrix. Academic, San Diego, CA, ppl 37—171... 

The long-term stability of devices based on as-prepared PS films is generally poor. Under emission conditions the degradation is measured usually in minutes or hours. The stability of devices based on chemically [Kol8], anodically [Gell] or thermally oxidized PS films [It4] is usually better however the standard lifetime requirement for microelectronic devices (> 105 h) has not been met. 

Ommen, J. G. van, K. Hoving, H. Bosch, A. J. van Hengstum and P. J. Gellings. 1983. The preparation of supported oxide catalysts by adsorption of metal acetylacetonates, M(AcAc)n on different supports. Z. Phys. Chemie Neue Folge 134 99-106. 

Because of the low-sulfur, -nitrogen, and -aromatic content of Fischer-Tropsch fuels, there is renewed interest in these products. In two recent studies, Fischer-Tropsch diesel was evaluated and compared to an ultra-low sulfur California diesel and to a 49 cetane number, low-sulfur diesel. In the two studies, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon, particulate, and carbon dioxide emissions were reduced in vehicles fuels by Fischer-Tropsch diesel. The fuel economy, however, was also reduced. The low aromatic content and high concentration of waxlike hydrocarbons in Fischer-Tropsch diesel can lead to the need for special handling and treatment of the fuel to prevent gelling when used in cold-temperature conditions. 

Very poor biodiesel and biodiesel blends do not shed water as effectively as conventional diesel fuel fuel haze, gelling, and low-temperature handling problems can develop if biodiesel is contaminated with water in storage and transport. Poor double bonds present in the methyl ester compounds are active sites for oxidation and condensation reactions peroxide values can increase fuel darkening and deposit formation in storage systems can occur the addition of oxidation inhibitors to biodiesel helps improve storage stability. 

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