Gastrointestinal oral tolerance

Saw palmetto (cabbage palm, fan palm, scrub palm) Serenoa repens %mptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia Generally well-tolerated occasional gastrointestinal effects May interact with hormones such as oral contraceptive drugs and hormone replacement therapy. 

The drugs used for T. cruzi include nifurtimox (Lampit) and benznidazole (Rochagan). Oral nifurtimox is available from the CDC, while benznidazole is only available in Brazil. The adult dose of nifurtimox is 8 to 10 mg/kg per day in divided doses for 120 days. Since children seem to tolerate the dose better than adults, the pediatric dose of nifurtimox in children 1 to 10 years old is 15 to 20 mg/kg per day, and the dose for children 11 to 16 years old is 12.5 to 15 mg/kg per day in divided doses. Symptomatic treatment for heart failure associated with Chagas disease should be initiated. The gastrointestinal complications may require surgical revisions and reconstruction. 

Exposure to excess bromine in pool water (8.2 Bg/ml) was thought to be responsible for irritative skin rashes eye, nose, and throat irritation bronchospasm reduced exercise tolerance fatigue headache gastrointestinal disturbances and myalgias in 17 adolescents. Several had persistent or recurrent symptoms lasting weeks to months after exposure. Oral, inhalation, and dermal absorption may all have occurred under the exposure conditions. 

It is rather slowly absorbed after oral administration with peak plasma concentrations after 2 hours. Protein binding is about 95%. Fusidic acid is mainly excreted in the bile with an elimination half-life of approximately 10 hours. It is generally well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal reactions. Hepa-totoxicity has been described. 

For patients who are unable to tolerate penicillamine, trientine, another chelating agent, may be used in a daily dose of 1-1.5 g. Trientine appears to have few adverse effects other than mild anemia due to iron deficiency in a few patients. Zinc acetate administered orally increases the fecal excretion of copper and is sometimes used for maintenance therapy. The dose is 50 mg three times a day. Zinc sulfate (200 mg/d orally) has also been used to decrease copper absorption. Zinc blocks copper absorption from the gastrointestinal tract by induction of intestinal cell metallothionein. Its main advantage is its low toxicity compared with that of other anticopper agents, although it may cause gastric irritation when introduced. 

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