Lithium gastrointestinal absorption

Gas-phase reactive intermediates low pressure, 46 107-113 supersonic jets, 46 113-121 Gastrointestinal absorption, lithium, 36 62-64 Gastropod mollusks, arsenic in, 44 150, 167, 168, 170 G bases, 45 268 Gd +... 

Na, K -ATPase Sodium-Potassium Cotransport Lithium and Immunology Gastrointestinal Absorption of Lithium... 

Davie RJ (1991) Gastrointestinal absorption of lithium. In Birch NJ, ed. Lithium and the Cell Pharmacology and Toxicology, pp. 243 - 248. 

As might be expected, the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract has been shown to affect lithium absorption and a diurnal variation in renal lithium clearance has been reported 183, 184). In our experiments, diurnal and other factors appeared to influence lithium pharmacokinetics to a greater degree than did formulation differences 182). We conclude that the practice of administering an early evening dose after a meal may delay the lithium peak sufficiently to reduce the possible discomfort of any transient side effects and may improve patient compliance. This is more important than the choice of preparation to be given. 

Absorption of lithium from the gastrointestinal tract is complete, with peak plasma concentration reached 2 to 4 hours after an oral dose. This cation does not bind to protein. Lithium elimination is biphasic during the first phase, 30% to 40% of the dose of lithium is cleared, with an... 

D. Enhancement of Elimination Enhancement of elimination is possible for a number of toxins, including manipulation of urine pH to accelerate renal excretion of weak acids and bases. For example, alkaline diuresis is effective in toxicity due to fluoride, isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, phenobarbital, and salicylates. Urinary acidiflcation may be useful in toxicity due to weak bases, including amphetamines, nicotine, and phencyclidine, but care must be taken to avoid acidosis and renal failure in rhabdomyolysis. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion enhances the elimination of many toxic compounds, including acetaminophen, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, lithium, methanol, procainamide, quinidine, salicylates, and theophylline. Cathartics such as sorbitol (70%) may decrease absorption and hasten removal of toxins from the gastrointestinal tract. 

A number of studies of the mucosal mechanisms of lithium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract have shown that lithium [28,29], and indeed other metals [30-32], transfers across the tract not by passage through the cell but by paracellular transport via the tight junctions and pericellular spaces. Cellular transport mechanisms and carriers identified in cells may thus exist only for the domestic requirements of the intestinal cells themselves, which in turn protect their own milieu interieur by, as far as practicable, avoiding accumulation of externally derived metals [33]. 

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