Small-scale gasification

In addition to co-firing, there are three other types of biomass electricity-generation systems direct-fired, gasification, and modular. Of these, the most commonly used is direct-fired. In this system, biomass fuel is burned in a boiler to produce high-pressure steam, which then drives turbines to produce electricity. The drawback to these types of power plants is that they tend to be small scale and are not very efficient. Costs also tend to be relatively high, at nine cents per kilowatt-hour, versus only 2.1 cents per kilowatt-hour for some co-fired plants.31... 

Patel, J. (1996). In Small Scale Gasification of Biomass and MSW. Carbona Corporation, Atlanta, GA. 

De Ruyck, J. ct al. (1996) An externally fired evaporative gas turbine cycle for small scale biomass gasification. In Biomass for Energy the Environment. S European Bioenergy Conference, (Ed. P. Chartier et al.) Pergamon Oxford. 

The Circulating Fluidtsed-Bed gasification process was not as sensitive to ash sintering as the small-scale bubbling fluidised-bed reactor. The amount of potassium chloride increased from bottom ash to hot filter dust. 

Small scale gasification [1] This protocol will be used for small-scale, fixed bed, engine based systems. The working group decide that a method similar to that used for sampling PAHs in stack gas would be appropriate. 

L Foscolo P. U. (1998) Production of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by Biomass Gasification Application to Small-Scale Fuel Cell Electricity Generation in Rural Areas, EU Final Report, Contract JOR3-CT95-0037... 

Fuel-bound Nitrogen Conversion Results from Gasification of Biomass in two Different Small Scale Fluidized Beds... 

The objective of this project is to produce heat and power at small scale from biomass fuels. Biomass gasification represents a competitive alternative to direct combustion for optimisation of the electricity production. Fixed bed gasifiers are known to produce a gas with low tar and particulate content, and therefore suited for small scale power production ... 

Small Scale Biomass Gasification Development of a Gas Cleaning System for Power Generation... 

For this concept atmospheric gasification, with air as the gasification medium, has been chosen. In the future pressurised systems may be preferred. All main components of such a system do exist on the market gasifier, cleaning system, coir iressor, Fischer-Tropsch unit, gas turbine, and the steam cycle. Large-scale, as well as small-scale (15 to 100 MW ) systems belong to the possibilities. 

However, actual high-temperature gasification reaction rates are not known, and the residence time at a given reactor temperature is usually determined empirically based on small-scale gasifier experiments. It is also generally accepted that reaction rates vary with coal type. 

There is an extremely wide variety of gasifiers that have been implemented, particularly in the field of small-scale biomass and waste gasification. The number of processes operating at over 100 MW is however limited and only these are discussed here. 

The second phase of the work is now underway detailing the pyrolysis study and some gasification and based on these two phases, design criteria for small scale pyrolytic conversion of agricultural biomass will be recommended. 

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