Gaseous hydrogen, physical properties

Tables 2,3, and 4 outline many of the physical and thermodynamic properties ofpara- and normal hydrogen in the sohd, hquid, and gaseous states, respectively. Extensive tabulations of all the thermodynamic and transport properties hsted in these tables from the triple point to 3000 K and at 0.01—100 MPa (1—14,500 psi) are available (5,39). Additional properties, including accommodation coefficients, thermal diffusivity, virial coefficients, index of refraction, Joule-Thorns on coefficients, Prandti numbers, vapor pressures, infrared absorption, and heat transfer and thermal transpiration parameters are also available (5,40). Thermodynamic properties for hydrogen at 300—20,000 K and 10 Pa to 10.4 MPa (lO " -103 atm) (41) and transport properties at 1,000—30,000 K and 0.1—3.0 MPa (1—30 atm) (42) have been compiled. Enthalpy—entropy tabulations for hydrogen over the range 3—100,000 K and 0.001—101.3 MPa (0.01—1000 atm) have been made (43). Many physical properties for the other isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium) have also been compiled (44).

Table 4. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Gaseous Hydrogen ...

Physical Methods that have been Used to Monitor Reaction Kinetics. In this section some physical property measurements of general utility are discussed. One of the oldest and most useful techniques used in kinetics studies involves the measurement of the total pressure in an isothermal constant volume reactor. This technique is primarily used to follow the course of homogeneous gas phase reactions that involve a change in the total number of gaseous molecules present in the reaction vessel (e.g., the hydrogenation of propylene). 

Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate, 7 773 Anhydrous ethanol, production by azeotropic extraction, 8 809, 817 Anhydrous gaseous hydrogen sulfide, 23 633 Anhydrous hydrazine, 13 562, 585 acid-base reactions of, 13 567-568 explosive limits of, 13 566t formation of, 13 579 vapor pressures of, 13 564 Anhydrous hydrogen chloride, 13 809-813 physical and thermodynamic properties of, 13 809-813 purification of, 13 824-825 reactions of, 13 818-821 uses for, 13 833-834... 

All liquid fuels mainly consist of mixtures of hydrocarbon compounds with a higher ratio of carbon to hydrogen than that of gaseous fuels, fuel nitrogen ( 0.1 to 2.2% by weight), sulfur ( 0.2 to 3% by weight), and ash (minerals). The hydrocarbons are complex materials, which is difficult to analyze therefore, it is common practice to measure an ultimate chemical analysis and several physical properties, rather than to find their chemical structures. 

As they do with other planets, scientists base their hypotheses of the structure of Uranus s interior on observed physical properties. According to one popular model, the planet consists of a large core composed primarily of silicon and oxygen that is surrounded by first, a layer consisting of water ice and rock then, by an envelope of liquid hydrogen and, finally, by an outermost envelope made of gaseous hydrogen, helium, methane, ammonia, and water. 

A compilation of optimum physical properties of CVD-derived Nb3Ge films (i.e., T, 7c, and //c2 values of 22.5 K, 1.8 x 10 Acm " and 27.3 T) is listed in Table 2-4. Evaluated variables for Nb3Ge film growth include substrate temperature, the gaseous metal chloride hydrogen mole ratio in the carrier gas stream, NbCU (g) to GeCb (g) mole ratio, and the reactor viscosity (Reynolds number). 

Table 4.5 Physical properties of liquid and gaseous para-hydrogen (P-H2) and normal-hydrogen (n-H2)...

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