Gap distance

FIG. 20-91 Roll-force factor as a fimction of compressibility K and dimensionless gap distance d + h)/D. [Vietsch (ed.). Roll Pressing, Fowder Advisoiy Centre, London (1987).]... 

Conditions gap distance 6.0 nun C2H5OH cone., 50 mDl% pinhole diameter, 1.0 mm diaphrapn thickness, 1.0 mm shapes of electrodes, pin-to-pin type (Type A). 

Fig. 2. Effart of shapes of electrodes on energy efficiency in diaphragm discharge O, energy efficiency based on LHV A, energy efficiency based on HHV , input power gap distance, 6.0 mm C2H5OH eonc., 50 mol% pinhole diameter, 1.0 mm diaphragm thickness, 1.0 mm.

The pressure curves for both laminates (Fig. 10.8) showed the existence of a horizontal pressure gradient and that the magnitude of the gradient depends on the amount of horizontal flow (i.e., the larger gap distance between the laminate edges and the dams resulted in more horizontal flow). 

The swing of the ballistic pendulum should be 55 mm or more and the gap distance 3.5 times the diameter or more. 

The crit diam of deton and the max gap distance for sympathetic deton in the test expl were used as criteria of sensitization. Reliable sensitization by NG on NaCl occurred at a level of 8% NG, when the particle size of NaCl was 0.2—0.3mm. At sizes <50 micron ca 20% was required. Sensitization by 1 1 mixts of NG DEGcDN was similar to pure NG. Pure DEGcDN at a level 10% NaCl did not detonate even at a chge diam of 32 mm. The use of gelatinizing agents, such as NC or poly (Me methacrylate) decreased the sensitizing capacity of NG. RDX PETN were effective sensitizers when measured by crit diam, but are less effective than NG with respect to gap test. Combinations of solid and liquid expls were recommended]... 

In these equations the Reynolds number is based on the gap distance and the inlet velocity, Re = pinUL/p, the Prandtl number is evaluated at the inlet conditions, and the nondimensional eigenvalue is given as Ar = ArL / pmU2. 

At steady state there will be a linear concentration profile of solute across the center fluid region. The concentration gradient dC/dz will be AC/a. In addition there will be a flux of solute species across the fluid from the high-concentration boundary (z = a) to the low-concentration boundary. The flux of species will be proportional to the areas of the bounding walls, proportional to the concentration difference AC, and inversely proportional to the gap distance a. The molar flux per unit area is thus... 

The existence of a stress-free meniscus introduces a boundary discontinuity on both upper and lower rims. This discontinuity is bound to result in sharply enhanced stress build-up at the upper and lower contact lines. It may produce an effective slip layer on the sample/plate interfaces at the meniscus, yielding an overall torque, which is less than anticipated on the basis of Fig. 7a, since a large portion of the measured torque on the plate arises from the stress contribution at the rim r=R. This correction may increase with lowering the gap distance. Without a proper analytical treatment, it remains unknown how the magnitude of such an apparent slip depends on the rheological properties of the sample and whether the reported slip like behavior [ 19,33] is a manifestation of such a plausible edge effect. 

It is important to test the validity of the slab model to reproduce the surface properties of isolated surfaces. The two main parameters are clearly the vacuum gap introduced and the thickness of the slab employed. Both of these are system dependent but Figure 8.12 shows the effect of the vacuum gap on the calculated surface energy for the unrelaxed surface of a-AbOs taken from localized basis set GGA-DFT calculations using the DSOLID code. At small gap distances the surface energy is underestimated, since in the limit of a zero vacuum gap Equation 8.26 would give = 0. The surface energy in this case is clearly converged above a... 

Figure 17.11 A schematic diagram of the shape of AT glow discharge the shaded area is the glow zone, (i) large gap distance and (ii) small gap distance.

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