Gamma ray-induced grafting

Hayakawa, K., K. Pin, K. Kawase, and T. Matsuda Gamma ray induced graft copolymerization. VII. The composition of celluse acetate-styrene grafted fibers. Chem. high polymers (Japan) 20, 540 (1963). 

Kobayashi, Y. Gamma-ray induced graft copolymerization of styrene onto cellulose and some chemical properties of the grafted polymer. J. Polymer Sci. 51, 359 (1961). 

A. M. Dessouki, N.H. Taher, M.B. El Arnaouty, Gamma Ray Induced Graft Polymerization of N-Vinylpyrrolidone. Acrylamide and Their Mixtures Onto Polypropylene films. Polymer International 45 (1998) 1. 

One advantage of using gamma irradiation-induced grafting rather than plasma treatment is the ability of the y-rays to modify the bulk of the sample by penetrating deep into the samples. Consequently, it is possible to maintain the surface functionality during the degradation of the polymer. 

Excitation sources for the production of radicals in grafting include chemicals, light, plasma, and radiation. Radiation-induced graft polymerization is superior to other grafting techniques because the high density of electron beams and gamma rays can create a large amount of radicals of arbitrary shapes of the p>olymer, such as a hollow fiber [2-41], nonwoven fabric [42] and film [43- ], and the quality of the polymer, such as polyethylene [2-41], polytetrafluoroethylene [42], and cellulose [55]. 

---