Gamma emissions defined

The so-called internal conversion coefficient (a) is defined as the ratio of the probability of electron emission (pe) to that of gamma emission (py) ... 

In the heaviest nuclei transitions between excited states are dominated by internal conversion electron emission over gamma emission. It is important to realize that the emission of conversion electrons is a direct process, and does not proceed via an intermediate gamma ray. This is mainly due to the increased probability of finding an atomic electron (its wave function) inside the nucleus where energy can be transferred to it directly. We define the internal conversion coefficient a as the ratio of the number of electrons that get emitted to the number of gamma rays emitted during the decay of a sufficiently large ensemble ... 

Define or illustrate the following terms thermodynamic stability kinetic stability radioactive decay beta-particle production alpha-particle production positron production electron capture gamma-ray emissions... 

However, a new distinction has arisen - Type A and Type B uncertainties. Type A uncertainties are defined as those that have been determined by repeated measurements to assess the magnitude and distribution of the parameter. Type B uncertainties are those whose magnitude has been derived in any other manner. For example, the uncertainty on gamma-ray emission probability is... 

Bulk chemical composition was determined by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and carbon-sulphur analyses to (i) define the best sample preparation methodology for Po analysis by alpha spectrometry and (ii) estimate the matrix attenuation effect of 46.5 keV gamma photon emissions from Pb by gamma spectrometry using theoretical elemental mass attenuation coefficients from the literature [4],... 

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