Gamma-Chlordane

Figure 13.1 Chemical structure of chlordane-related compounds 1, chlordene (4,5,6,7,8,8-hexachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4, 7-methanoindene) 2, c/ s-chlordane, also known as alpha-chlordane (1-exo, 2-exo, 4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene) 3, trans-chlordane, also known as gamma-chlordane (1-exo, 2-endo, 4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene) 4, heptachlor (1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene) — technical heptachlor contains about 15% c/s-chlordane and 2.5% trans-chlordane 5, heptachlor epoxide (1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-2,3-epoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene) and 6, oxychlordane, also known as octachlor epoxide (1-exo, 2-endo, 4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro,2,3-exo-epoxy-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene). 

Ohno Y, Kawanishi T, Takahashi A. 1986. Comparisons of the toxicokinetic parameters in rats determined for low and high dose of gamma-chlordane. J Toxicol Sci 11 111-124. 

Wilson DM, Oloffs PC. 1973. Persistence and movement of alpha and gamma chlordane in soils following treatment with high-purity chlordane (Velsicol HCS- 3260). Can J Soil Sci 53 465-472. 

The Milwaukee, Wis., Health Department regulates the use of DDT, chlordan, and the gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride by permitting their use only when food, food working surfaces, and equipment are covered during the spraying process so as to prevent spray from being deposited thereon. 

Chlordane (alpha, beta, and gamma isomers), see Chlordane... 

Organochlorine pesticides include aldrin, chlordane, dichophane (DDT), dieldrin (also a metabolite of aldrin) endrin heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene (EICB), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane (EICEI = benzenehexachloride, BE1C), and lindane (gamma - EICEI). These compounds were widely used but persist in the environment, and lindane, which has a relatively short half-life in vivo, is now the only member of this group still in common use. Pentachlorophenol is used as a contact herbicide. This compound is still widely used in wood preservatives and disinfectants. 

Several components of chlordane trans- and c/s-chlordane, trans- and c/s-nonachlor, heptachlor, gamma-chlordene) were detected in the skin lipids of humans (Sasaki et al. 1991b). The samples were taken by swabbing the face with cotton soaked with 70% ethanol 3-4 hours after the face was washed with soap. Because all samples from inhabitants of an area known to be contaminated with chlordane contained chlordane residues, and because the profile of chlordane components in skin lipids closely resembled those in technical chlordane, the authors suggested that skin lipid analysis is a satisfactory indicator of dermal exposure to airborne chlordane, such as occurs in homes treated for termites. Oxychlordane in the skin lipids was positively correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.68, p<0.01) with concentrations in internal adipose tissue. The authors concluded that the concentration of oxychlordane in skin lipids was a satisfactory indicator of body accumulation of chlordane. 

Baiba HM, Saha JG. 1978. Studies on the distribution, excretion, and metabolism of alpha and gamma isomers of ( C) chlordane in rabbits. J Environ Sci Health 13 211-233. 

Wittlinger R, Ballschmiter K. 1990. Studies of the global baseline pollution XIII. C6-C14 organohalogens (Alpha- and gamma-HCH, HCB, PCB, DDT, 4,4 -DDE, cis- and frans-chlordane, frans-nonachlor, anisols) in the lower troposphere of the Southern Indian Ocean. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 336 193-200. 

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