Gamer

W. E. Gamer, Chemistry of the Solid State, Academic, New York, 1955. 

The nonlinear response of an individual molecule depends on die orientation of the molecule with respect to the polarization of the applied and detected electric fields. The same situation prevails for an ensemble of molecules at an interface. It follows that we may gamer infonnation about molecular orientation at surfaces and interfaces by appropriate measurements of the polarization dependence of the nonlinear response, taken together with a model for the nonlinear response of the relevant molecule in a standard orientation. 

W. Y. Gamer, M. S. Barge, and. P. Ussary, eds., GoodEaboratoy Practice Standards Applicationsfor Field and Eaboratory Studies, ACS Professional Reference Book, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1992, 572 pp. 

If the necessary iodine input is insufficient the thyroid gland enlarges in an attempt to gamer more iodine addition of 0.01% Nal to table salt (iodized salt) prevents this condition. Tincture of iodine is a useful antiseptic. 

In studying gas absorption from single bubbles, Hammerton and Gamer (H7) clearly demonstrated that contamination of the surface of a rising bubble by surface-active material initially present in trace amount can convert a... 

Experimental observations (S3) indicate that a stagnant cap is formed over the rear of the droplet as surface-active agents are added, and that this cap tends to enlarge with increasing concentrations until the entire droplet is enveloped. Thus, circulation may occur only in the front portion of the bubble. In contrast to this mechanism, Thorsen and Terjesen (T3) and Gamer (Gil) concluded that most of the mass transfer takes place at the rear of the bubble. 

Although the literature contains a very large number of research articles concerned with the kinetics and mechanisms of reactions involving solids, there are comparatively few authoritative, critical and comprehensive reviews of the formidable quantity of information which is available. Probably the most important general account of the field is the book Chemistry of the Solid State, edited by Gamer [63]. Chapters 7—9 are particularly relevant in the present context as they provide a systematic exposition of the kinetic equations applicable to the decomposition of single solids (Jacobs and Tompkins [28]) and their application to endothermic [64] and exothermic [65] reactions. 

There have been few attempts to classify decomposition reactions of solids. Gamer [64] made only the broad distinction between endothermic processes (which are often reversible and include dissociation of crystalline hydrates and carbonates) and exothermic processes (which are usually... 

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