Gallium thermodynamic data

The physical properties of bismuth, summarized in Table 1, are characterized by a low melting point, a high density, and expansion on solidification. Thermochemical and thermodynamic data are summarized in Table 2. The solid metal floats on the liquid metal as ice floating on water. Gallium and antimony are the only other metals that expand on solidification. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of the metals, and it is a poor electrical conductor. The thermal conductivity of bismuth is lower than that of any other metal except mercury. 

Thermodynamic parameters determined for gallium phases and hydrolysis species are listed in Table 13.17. The data have been calculated using the thermodynamic data for Ga that were determined from the data given by Benezeth et al. (1997) and that for water given in Chapter 5. 

Table 13.17 Thermodynamic data for gallium(lll) species at 25 °C and comparison with data...

Table 13.23 Literature thermodynamic data for gallium species at 25 °C.

This equation was hrst obtained by Gabriel Lippmann in 1875. The Lippmann equation is of basic importance for electrochemistry. It shows that surface charge can be calculated thermodynamically from data obtained when measuring ESE. The values of ESE can be measured with high accuracy on liquid metals [e.g., on mercury (tf= -39°C)] and on certain alloys of mercury, gallium, and other metals that are liquid at room temperature. 

An emf study was made of the thermodynamic functions relating to the formation (free energy, entropy, and enthalpy) of gallium selenide having the composition GajScs. The experimental data were used to calculate the standard values of the free energy, entropy, and enthalpy of formation at 298 K. 

With aqueous solutions in pressurised cells, the temperature can be varied in a very broad range. Many fundamental electrochemical data have been obtained in this medium. Thermodynamic quantities such as activity coefficients of ions [252], equilibrium double-layer capacity [261], zeta potential of metals [233], potential-pH diagrams [206] or properties of the palladium-hydrogen electrode were determined [262]. Exotic systems, e.g. the solvation of rare earth atoms in liquid gallium [234], have been studied. Main research interests in subcritical aqueous solution were focused on the kinetics, reaction mechanism and transport properties. 

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