Gallium electronic structures

The more molecular character of 9 in comparison to 8-gallium is responsible for a decrease of the bond lengths by about 25 pm. These results prove that 9, considering its synthesis as well as the electronic structure, has to be classified in between polyhedral gallium clusters such as the square antiprismatic cluster GajjiCnHcih2- 72 and metalloid clusters. 

Ans. Mendeleev had used the prefix eka- (Sanskrit word for first) to name elements whose existence he predicted, applying the prefix to a known element in the same periodic group as the predicted element. His eka-boron, eka-aluminum, and e a-silicon were later discovered, confirmed, and named scandium, gallium, and germanium. Elements 104 and 105 were predicted to have electronic structures analogous to Hf and Ta. 

Ghosh A, Wondimagegn T, Parusel ABJ (2000) Electronic structure of gallium, copper, and nickel complexes of corrole high-valent transition metal centers versus non-innocent ligands. J Am Chem Soc 122 5100-5104... 

Crystal versus Electronic Structure Are There Really Polyacetylene-Like Gallium Chains in Li Ca. ... 

The most striking property of water is that its solid form is less dense than its liquid form ice floats at the surface of liquid water (Figure 6.8). With a few exceptions, (for example, silicon, gallium, germanium, bismuth, and pure acetic acid), the density of almost all other substances is greater in the solid state than in the liquid state. To understand why water is different, we have to examine the electronic structure of the H2O molecule. As we saw in Chapters 2 and 3, there are two pairs of nonbonding electrons, or two lone pairs, on the oxygen atom ... 

The electronic structures of copper, silver, and gold, as well as those of zinc and gallium and their congeners, are given in Table 19-4. 

Electronic Structures of Copper, Zinc, and Gallium and Their Congeners... 

Group 13 (Alumininm-27, Gallium-69 and -71, and Indinm-115). - A theoretical analysis of the electronic structures of dimeric compounds A Xe (X = F,... 

Boron, aluminum, and gallium belong to the same group of the periodic table. Accordingly, they have the same number of valence electrons, and therefore similarities of the crystal stmctures and of the electronic structures as well should be expected. However, in the case of aluminum and gallium, no elementary crystals with icosahedral structures have become known. Nevertheless, these elements, too, generate icosahedra, namely in quasi-crystalline stmctures, and Kimura et al. (199) have pointed to the structural similarities to the boron-rich solids. The relation between their electronic properties has been proved by Werheit et al. (200), and hence the aluminum- and gallium-based quasi-crystals may provide a further opportunity to utilize the variation of electronic properties in icosahedral structures. 

In this study, we report on the GaN nanorod growth by HOMVPE technique with or without using a new precursor, tris(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamato)gallium(III) (Ga(mDTC)3). The structural and optical properties of GaN nanorods were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). 

KT1 does not have the NaTl structure because the K+ ions are too large to fit into the interstices of the diamond-like Tl- framework. It is a cluster compound K6T16 with distorted octahedral Tig- ions. A Tig- ion could be formulated as an electron precise octahedral cluster, with 24 skeleton electrons and four 2c2e bonds per octahedron vertex. The thallium atoms then would have no lone electron pairs, the outside of the octahedron would have nearly no valence electron density, and there would be no reason for the distortion of the octahedron. Taken as a closo cluster with one lone electron pair per T1 atom, it should have two more electrons. If we assume bonding as in the B6Hg- ion (Fig. 13.11), but occupy the t2g orbitals with only four instead of six electrons, we can understand the observed compression of the octahedra as a Jahn-Teller distortion. Clusters of this kind, that have less electrons than expected according to the Wade rules, are known with gallium, indium and thallium. They are called hypoelectronic clusters their skeleton electron numbers often are 2n or 2n — 4. 

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