Galanthus woronowii

Galanthamine (10), an Amaryllidaceae-type alkaloid from Galanthus woronowii Losinsk and other species of this genus, has been approved in the last few years for the treatment of early-onset Alzheimer s disease. 

Galanthamine (10) Galanthus woronowii Losinsk (snowdrop) Anti-Alzheimer s disease... 

Fuzhisan, a Chinese herbal medicine Galantamine from the snowdrop Galanthus woronowii Garni- Chunghyuldan Ganoderma lucidum Garlic (Allium sativum)... 

A myriad of natural compounds have been tested for the past 20 years in a frenetic search for agents with potential effects against AD neuropathology. Some of these compounds include alkaloids from the calabar bean (Physostigma venenosum) huperzine A from Huperzia serrata-, galantamine from the snowdrop Galanthus woronowii cannabinoids (cannabidiol from Cannabis sativa) ... 

Reversible carbamate anticholinesterase and allosteric modulator at nicotinic cholinergic receptor sites potentiating nicotinic neurotransmission. Originally derived from the bulbs of the Caucasian snowdrop (Galanthus woronowii), now prepared synthetically for clinical use in the treatment of Alzheimer s disease. 

The alkaloid galanthamine (169) has been obtained from various Amaryllidaceae species including daffodils, the red spider lily Lycoris radiata) and the Caucasian snowdrop (Galanthus woronowii). Its effectiveness as a centrally acting, selective, reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase has resulted in galanthamine being introduced into the clinic in both the USA and Europe for the symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate forms of Alzheimer s disease [57]. These and various other intriguing feamres of this alkaloid have prompted extensive synthetic studies of it [57]. 

Introduced into the culture in vitro geophytes Sochi Black Sea Coast (Scilla bifolia, Muscari coeruleiun Losinsk., Galanthus woronowii Losinsk). 

The alkaloid (—)-galanthamine, isolated from Caucasian snow-drop Galanthus woronowii) and other plant sources, is a competitive and reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an allosteric modulator of the neural nicotine receptors for acetylcholine. Galanthamine hydrobromide (commercially available as Razadyne) finds application in the treatment of symptoms of Alzheimer s disease [101]. Since the isolation of galanthamine (256) from natural sources is quite expensive, several total syntheses have been developed to date. The synthetic strategy to galanthamine (256) developed by Cho et al. [102] includes a domino Stille/Diels-Alder reaction as the key step (Scheme 14.39). 

Finally, galanthamine is a complex alkaloid used for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer s disease that is isolated from Galanthus woronowii. Galanthamine possesses a tetracyclic core 64 that was recently synthesized on solid phase by Shair and colleagues, along with an impressive 2527-membered DOS-type library of analogs (Scheme 3.13). Initially, a chiral tyrosine derivative was... 

Calanthamine (Fig. 16.12, galantamine) is another example of a dmg of botanical origin. It is now chemically synthesised for large-scale production purposes, but was first isolated in 1959 from Galanthus woronowii (Voronov s snowdrop). It is a competitive and reversible cholinesterase inhibitor with a very good oral bioavailability (80-100%) and a half-life of 7 hocus. The side effects of galantamine may not be tolerable, and dose titration is necessary to improve tolerability. It is available as a tablet, extended-release capsule or oral solution in doses of 4-12 mg. 

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