Gadolinium agents

Eor patients at increased risk of reaction Consider alternative test not requiring a gadolinium agent Use a different gadolinium agent for previous reactors Consider premedication ... 

Gadolinium agents are considered to have no nephrotoxicity at approved dosages for MR imaging. Therefore, MR with gadolinium has been used instead of contrast-enhanced CT in ttiose at risk for developing worsening renal failure if exposed to iodinated contrast media. 

Future Applications. The use of gadolinium complexes as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) is growing (40). 

Gadolinium(ni) chelates as magnetoresonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents 99CRV2293. 

Schwert DD, Davies JA, Richardson N (2002) Non-Gadolinium-Based MRI Contrast Agents. 221 165-200... 

Briicher E (2002) Kinetic Stabilities of Gadolinium (III) Chelates Used as MRI Contrast Agents. 221 103-122... 

Gries H (2002) Extracellular MRI Contrast Agents Based on Gadolinium. 221 1-24 Grolle F, see Behrens C (2004) 236 187-204... 

This method represents one of the first attempts towards macromolecular agents.121-123 As many as 60-90 [Gd(DTPA)]2- or [Gd(DOTA)] chelates were first linked to a polylysine chain, then covalently conjugated to a HSA molecule.124 The increase in relaxivity per Gd, as compared with the monomeric chelate, was remarkable (two- to threefold), though far from optimal. However, the development of these albumin conjugates was abandoned at an early stage, since their synthesis is not easily controlled, and there are also toxicity concerns due to the retention of gadolinium observed in the bones and liver.125... 

Briicher, E. Kinetic Stabilities of Gadolinium(III) Chelates used as MRI Contrast Agents. In Contrast Agents I. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Krause, W., Ed. Topics in Current Chemistry Springer Berlin, 2002 Vol. 221, p 104. 

Figure 1.17 The texaphyrin-gadolinium chelate structure used as a photosensitizer and MRI contrast agent in the detection and treatment of cancer.

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