Gabriel synthesis hydrolysis reagents

In the Gabriel synthesis, the nitrogen atom comes from phthalimide, which serves as the starting material. The process requires three steps (1) deprotonation to form potassium phthalimide, (2) nucleophilic attack with an alkyl halide, and (3) hydrolysis. Draw the reagents for all three steps of the Gabriel synthesis ... 

The modified Gabriel reagent (168) has been shown to have considerable potential for the synthesis of iV-Boc-a-amino-acids, by condensation with a-bromo-esters followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation (Scheme 38) yields are high throughout.A new route to a-amino-acids is by aminoalkylation of olefins by open-chain adducts of glyoxylic acid and amides, carbamates, and ureas. ... 

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