G Constant

Other external forces or potentials can also be used, e.g., constant forces, or torques applied to parts of a protein to induce rotational motion of its domains (Wriggers and Schulten, 1997a). 

Fig. 8.89 Stressing systems for stress-corrosion test specimens (a)-(O constant strain, (g) constant load...

It must be observed that the quotient has a definite limiting value only when the conditions of heating (c.g., constant pressure) are specified. 

For a finite change of volume under specified conditions (e.g., constant temperature) ... 

Desensitization can be defined as the tendency of a response to wane, despite the presence of a stimulus of constant intensity (e.g., constant agonist concentration). In the case of the nicotinic ACh receptor, good evidence suggests that desensitization results from a change in receptor conformation to an inactive refractory state (Rang and Ritter, 1970). To describe this in terms of the AChR activation mechanism, we could add a desensitized state to the scheme shown in Eq. (6.2) to give ... 

Huben, K. P., and Herzberg, G., "Constants of Diatomic Molecules. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, Princeton, New Jersey, 1979. 

Lacey, M.J. Macdonald, C.G. Constant Neutral Spectrum in Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1979, 57, 691-695. 

The computational efficiency of a FF approach also enables simulations of dynamical behavior—molecular dynamics (MD). In MD, the classical equations of motion for a system of N atoms are solved to generate a search in phase space, or trajectory, under specified thermodynamic conditions (e.g., constant temperature or constant pressure). The trajectory provides configurational and momentum information for each atom from which thermodynamic properties such as the free energy, or time-dependent properties such as diffusion coefficients, can be calculated. 

In Kirkwood s original formulation of the Fokker-Planck theory, he took into account the possibility that various constraints might apply, e.g., constant bond length between adjacent beads. This led to the introduction of a chain space of lower dimensionality than the full 3A-dimen-sional configuration space of the entire chain and it led to a complicated machinery of Riemannian geometry, with covariant and contravariant tensors, etc. 

In solving for the extremum of a general function / subject to the constraints g = constant and h = constant, we can use the Lagrange s method of undetermined multipliers. That is, we can solve for... 

Consider the unbounded symmetrical random walk rn and g constant and equal to one another. This constant may then be absorbed into the time unit, so that the master equation is as in (V.2.11)... 

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